Paráge, 8. kindred, birth, D 250; rank,
D 1120.
Paraments, pl. mantles, splendid cloth-
ing, A 2501. See Parements.
Paramour, (for par amour), adv. for love,
B 2033; longingly, B 1933; with devo-
tion, A 1155; Paramours, passionately,
T. v. 332; A 2112; with excessive
devotion, L. 260 a; by way of passionate
love, T. v. 158; for p., for the sake of
passion, E 1450; for paramours, for love's
sake, A 3354.

Paramour, 8. (1) concubine, wench, D
454; pl. A 3756; lovers, paramours, T.
ii. 236; Paramour (2), love-making, A
4372.

Paraunter, perhaps, L. 362.
Paraventure, peradventure, perhaps, F
955.

Parcel, 8. part, F 852; small part, 2. 106.
Parchemin, 8. parchment, B 5. m 4. 14.
Pardee, (F. par Dieu), a common oath,
A 563, 3084; Pardieux, T. i. 197.
Pardoner, s. seller of indulgences, A
543, C 318.

Paregal, adj. fully equal, T. v. 840.
Parements, s. pl. rich hangings or orna-
ments, (applied to a chamber), L. 1106;
F 269. See Paraments.
Parentele, s. kinship, I 908.

Parfey, by my faith, in faith, HF. 938.
Parfit, adj. perfect, A 72, 422.
Parfitly, adv. perfectly, R. 771; wholly,
B 2381.

Par-

Parfourne, v. perform, B 2402;
fourne, ger. to fulfil, B 3137; p. up,
complete, D 2261.

Parfourninge, s. performance, I 807.
Parisshens, pl. parishioners, A 482,
Paritorie, s. pellitory, Parietaria offici-
nalis, G 581.

Parlement, 8. (1) deliberation, decision

due to consultation, A 1306; (2) par-
liament, T. iv. 143; p. of Briddes,
Parliament of Birds, I 1086.
Parodie, s. period, duration, T. v. 1548.
(A curious confusion of paródie (so
pronounced) with period.)

Parsoneres, 8. pl. partners, partakers,
B 5. p 5. 101.

Parten, v. share, T. i. 589; ger. To p.
with, participate in, L. 465; 1 pr. 8.
part, depart, T. i. 5; Parteth, pr. 8.
departs, L. 359; Parted, pp. dispersed,
T. i. 960; gone away, taken away, L.

1110.

Parteners, 8. pl. partners, partakers, I
968.

Parting-felawes, 8. pl. fellow-partakers,
I 637.

Part-les, adj. without his share, B 4. p 3-

44.

Partrich, s. partridge, A 349.

Party, adv. partly, A 1053.

Partye, s. portion, A 3008; partial um-
pire, taker of a side, A 2657; portion,
T. ii. 394.

Parvys, 8. church-porch, A 310.
Pas, 8. pace, B 399; step, D 2162; dis-
tance, R. 525; foot-pace, A 825; grade,
degree, 4. 134; grade, I 532; passage,
B 2635; a pas, at a footpace, T. ii. 627,
v. 60; F 388; pl. paces, yards, A 1890;
thousand pas, a mile, B 1. P 4. 270.
Passage, s. period, R. 406.

Passant, pres. pt. as adj. surpassing, A
2107.

Passen, ger. to surpass, exceed, conquer,
A 3089; overcome, L. 162; outdo, G
857; pr. 8. passes away, F 404; Paste,
pt. 8. passed, T. ii. 658; passed by, T.
ii. 398; Passing, pres. pt. surpassing,
A 2885; pp. past, spent, E 610; sur-
passed, 7. 82; passed by, 5. 81; over-
blown, gone off, R. 1682.

Passing, adj. excellent, F 929; extreme,
E 1225.

Passioun, 8. suffering, B 1175; passion,
1. 162; passive feeling, impression, B
5. m 4. 52.

Pastee, s. pasty, A 4346.

Patrimoine, 8. patrimony, I 790.
Patroun, 8. patron, 4. 275; protector, 7.
4; pattern, 3. 910.

Pawmes, pl. palms (of the hand), T. iii.

1114.

Pax, s. the osculatorium,' or 'paxbrede,'
a disk of metal or other substance, used
at Mass for the 'kiss of peace,' I 407.
Pay, s. pleasure, 5. 271; more to pay, so
as to give more satisfaction, 5. 474-
Paye, v. pay, A 806; pt. 8. A 539; pp.
satisfied, pleased, 9. 3; holde her payd,
think herself satisfied, 3. 269.
Payen, adj. pagan, A 2370.
Payens, 8. pl. pagans, L. 786.
Payndemayn, 8. bread of a peculiar
whiteness, B 1915. Lat. panis Domini-

сия.

Payne, 8. pain; dide his payne, took
pains, F 730.

Payre, s. a pair, R. 1386; Paire, pl. pairs,
R. 1698.

Pece, 8. piece, 5. 149; pl. pieces. T. i. 833-
Peches, pl. peaches, R. 1374-
Pecok, 8. peacock, 5. 356.

Pekke, imp. 8. peck, pick, B 4157.
Pel, 8. peel, small castle, HF. 1310. O.F.
pel; from Lat. acc. pālum.

Pelet, 8. pellet, stone cannon-ball, HF.
1643.

Penaunt, 8. a penitent, one who does
penance, B 3154.

Pencel (1), 8. pencil, brush, A 2049.
Pencel (2), 8. small banner, sleeve worn

as a token, T. v. 1043. Short for penoncel.
Pénible, adj. painstaking, B 3490; Pení-
ble, careful to please, E 714; Penýble,
inured, D 1846.

Penitauncer, 8. confessor who assigns a
penance, I 1008.

Penitence, 8. penance, I 101, 126.
Penne, 8. pen, quill, L. 2357.
Penner, 8. pen-case, E 1879.
Penoun, 8. pennon, ensign or small flag
borne at the end of a lance, A 978.
Pens; see Peny.

Peny, 8. penny, R. 451; money, A 4119;
Penyes, pl. pence, R. 189; Pens, pl.
pence, C 376.

Per cas, by chance, L. 1967.

Per consequens, consequently, D 2192.
Peraventure, adv. perhaps, HF. 304;
935.

Percen, v. pierce, B 2014; pr. 8. pierces

with his gaze, 5. 331.

Perche, s. perch (for birds to rest on),
A 2204; wooden bar, R. 225; a horizontal
rod, A. ii. 23. 44. Lat. pertica.
Percinge, s.; for percinge: to prevent
any piercing, B 2052.
Perdurable, adj. everlasting, eternal,
B 2699; Perdurables, adj. pl. everlast-
ing, I 811.

Perdurabletee, s. immortality, B 2. p 7.
63, 103.

Pere, 8. peer, equal, B 3244, F 678.
Peregryn, adj. peregrine, i.e. foreign,
F 428.

Pere-jonette, s. a kind of early-ripe
pear, A 3248.

Peres, pl. pears, R. 1375,

2331.

Perfit, adj. complete, A. i. 18. 4.
Perfitly, adv. perfectly, A. pr. 21.
Perfourne, ger. to perform, B 2256; be
equivalent to, A. ii. 10. 16.

Peril, 8. B 2672; in p., in danger, 4. 108;
upon my p., (I say it) at my peril, D
561.

Perisse, v. perish, I 254.

Perle, s. pearl, L. 221.

Perled, pp. fitted with pearl-like drops,
A 3251.

Perréé, 8. jewellery, precious stones,
gems, B 3495, 3550.

Perrýë, 8. jewellery, A 2936; Perrie, HF.
1393.

Pers, adj. of Persian dye, light-blue,
R. 67.

Pers, 8. stuff of a sky-blue colour, A 439,
617.

Perséveraunce, s. endurance, T. i. 44;
constancy, 3. 1007.

Persévere, v. continue, D 148; pr. s.
lasts, C 497.

Perséveringe, 8. perseverance, G 117.
Persly, 8. parsley, A 4350.

Persóne, 8. person, figure, T. ii. 701;
Persoun, parson, A 478.

Pert, adj. forward, frisky, A 3950. Short
for apert.

Pertinacie, 8. pertinaciousness, I 391.
Pertinent, adj. fitting, B 2204.

Pertourbe, ger. to perturb, T. iv. 561.
Perturbacioun, s. trouble, B 1. p 1. 98.
Perturbinge, s. perturbation, D 2254.
Pervenke, s. periwinkle, R. 903; Pervinke,
R. 1432.

Pesen, pl. peas, L. 648.

Pesible, adj. calm, B 1. p 5. 3.
Pestilence, 8. the (great) pestilence, A

442, C 679; curse, B 4600, D 1264.
Peter, interj. by St. Peter, B 1404, G 665.
Peyne, 8. pain of torture. A 1133; T. i.
674 in the p., under torture, T. iii.
1502; care, F 509; toil, G 1398; penalty,
B 3041; endeavour, R. 765; penance,
B 2939; upon p., under a penalty, E 586.
Peyne, v. refl. take pains, endeavour,
B 4495; put (myself) to trouble, HF.
246; Peyne, 1 pr. 8. refl. take pains,
330, 395; Peyned hir, pt. 8. refl. took
pains, A 139, E 976; Peyned hem, pt.
pl. refl. R. 107.

C

Peynte, v. paint, C 12; colour highly,
HF. 246; smear, L. 875; do p., cause to
be painted, 3. 259; pt. 8. F 560; Peynted,
pp. painted, L. 1029; Peynt, pp. R. 248.
Peyntour, s. painter, T. ii. 1041.
Peynture, 8. painting, C 33.

Peyre, 8. pair, A 2121; a set (of similar
things), D 1741.

Peysible, adj. tranquil, B 3. m 9. 51.
(L. tranquilla.)

Peytrel, 8. poitrel, breast-piece of a
horse's harness; properly, the breast-
plate of a horse in armour, G 564; pl. |
I 433.
A. F. peitrel, Lat. pectorale.
Phitonesses, pl. pythonesses, witches,
HF. 1261.

[Physices, gen. of physics, or natural
philosophy, B 1189. Lat. physices, gen, of
physice, natural philosophy. (I propose
this reading.)]

Pich, s. pitch, A 3731, I 854.

Piëtee, s. pity, T. iii. 1033, V. 1598.
Piëtous, adj. piteous, sad, T. iii. 1444;
sorrowful, T. v. 451; merciful, F 20.
Pigges-nye (lit. pig's eye), a dear little
thing, A 3268.

Pighte, pt. 8. refl. pitched, fell, A 2689;
pt. 8. subj. should pierce, should stab,
1. 163 (but this is almost certainly an
error for prighte, pt. s. subj. of prikke).
Piked, pt. 8. stole, L. 2467.

Pikerel, s. a young pike (fish), E 1419.
Pilche, s. a warm furred outer garment,
20. 4.

Pile, ger. to pillage, plunder, I 769; v.
rob, despoil, D 1362.

Piled, pp. deprived of hair, very thin,
A 627; bare, bald (lit. peeled), A 3935.
Pileer, 8. pillar, HF. 1421.
Pilled, pp. robbed, L. 1262.

Pilours, pl. robbers, pillagers, A 1007,

1020.

Pilwe, 8. pillow, E 2004.

Pilwe-beer, 8. pillow-case, A 694.
Piment, 8. sweetened wine, A 3378.
Pin, 8. pin, small peg, F 127, 316; fasten-
ing, brooch, A 196; thin wire, A. ii.
38. 8; Hangeth on a joly pin, is merry,
E 1516.

Pinche, v. find fault (with), pick a hole
(in), A 326; Pinchest at, 2 pr. 8. blamest,
10. 57; pp. closely pleated, A 151.
Piper, s. as adj. suitable for pipes or
horns, 5. 178.

Pissemyre, 8. pismire, ant, D 1825.
Pistel, 8. epistle, E 1154; message, sen-
tence, D 1021.

Pit, pp. put (Northern), A 4088.
Pitaunce, s. pittance, A 224.
Pitee, 8. pity, 1. 68; Pite were, it would
be a pity (if), 3. 1266.
Pith, 8. strength, R. 401; D 475.
Pitóus, Pítous, adj. compassionate, A

143; merciful, C 226; pitiful, A 953;
plaintive, R. 89, 497; mournful, R.
420; piteous, sad, sorrowful, A 955;
pitiable, B 3673; Pitousë, fem. full of
compassion, L. 2582.

Pitously, adv. piteously, B 1059; pitiably,
B 3729; sadly, A 1117.
Place, 8. place, A 623; manor-house
(residence of a chief person in a small
town or village), B 1910, D 1768.
Placebo, vespers of the dead, so called
from the initial word of the antiphon
to the first psalm of the office (see Ps.
cxiv. 9 in the Vulgate version), I 617;
a song of flattery, D 2075.

Plages, s. pl. regions, B 543; quarters of
the compass, A. i. 5. 12.
Plain, adj.; see Playn.

Plane, 8. plane-tree, A 2922.
Planed, pt. 8. planed, made smooth, D
1758.

Plante, 8. slip, cutting, D 763; piece of
cut wood, R. 929.

Plastres, 8. pl. plasters, F 636.

Plat, adj. flat, certain, A 1845; Platte,
dat. flat (side of a sword), F 162, 164.
Plat, adv. flat, B 1865; plainly, B 886;
fully, T. ii. 579.

Plate, s. plate-armour, 9. 49; stiff iron
defence for a hauberk, B 2055; the
'sight' on the 'rewle,' A. i. 13. 2.

Plated, pp. covered with metal in plates,
HF. 1345.

Platly, adv. flatly, plainly, T. iii. 786, 881.
Plaunte, 8. plant, F 1032.

Plaunte, imp. 8. plant, T. i. 964.

Playen me, v. refl. to amuse myself, R.
113.

Playing, 8. sport, R. 112.

Playn, adj. smooth, even, R. 860; in
short and pl., in brief, plain terms, E
577; Plain, flat, H 229.
Playn, 8. plain, B 24.

Plede, ger, to dispute, B 2559.
Pleding, 8. pleading, 3. 615.

Pledoures, pl. pleaders, lawyers, R. 198.
Plee, s. plea, 5. 485; pl. suits, 5. 101.
Plegges, s. pl. pledges, B 3018.
Pleinedest, 2 pt. 8. didst complain, B 4.
P 4. 168.

Pleinte, 8. complaint, lament, B 66.
Plenére, adj. plenary, full, L. 1607.

Plentee, 8. plenitude, fulness, I 1080;
abundance, R. 1434.

Plentevous, adj. plentiful, A 344.
Plentevously, adv. plenteously, B 2. p 2.

86.

Plesaunce, s. pleasure, C 219, D 408;
delight, A 2409; pleasant thing, 3. 773;
pleasure, will, A 1571; kindness, E ;
pleasing behaviour, F 509; pleasantness,
L. 1373; happiness, L. 1150; amusement,
F 713; will, delight, B 149.

Plesaunt, adj. pleasant, satisfactory,
pleasing, A 138, 222.

Plesen, v. please, A 610, F 707.
Plesinges, adj. pl. pleasing, B 711.
Plesure, 8. pleasure, 6. 126,

Plète, ger. to plead, bring a law-suit, T.
ii. 1468.

Pletinges, pl. law-suits, B 3. p 3. 67.
Pley, 8. play, sport, A 1125; dalliance, 4.
178; jesting, I 539; delusion, 3. 648;
pl. games, T. v. 304; plays, D 558;
funeral games, T. v. 1499.
Pleye, v. amuse oneself, B 3524, 3666;
ger. to play, be playful, be amused,
A 772; to amuse (myself), B 3996; to
amuse (ourselves), L. 1495; play (on an
instrument), A 236; 1 pr. 8. jest, B 3153;
1 pr. pl. play, B 1423; pr. pl. F
900; pt.
8. played, rejoiced, T. i. 1013; was in
play, 3. 875; Pleyd, pp. 3. 618.
Pleyinge, 8. amusement, sport, A 1061.
Pleyinge, adj. playful, B 3. m 2. 27.
Pleyn (1), adj. full, A 2461; complete,
A 315, 337.

Pleyn (2), adj. plain, clear, L. 328; honest,
5. 528; plain, i. e. open, A 987; as 8.
plain (fact), A 1091; pl. smooth, 5. 180.
Pleyn (1), adv. full, T. v. 1818; entirely,
A 327.

Pleyn (2), adv. plainly, A 790; openly, E
637.

Pleyne, v. complain, lament, B 1067;

refl. 6. 50; v. to whinny (as a horse), 7.
157; pl. upon, cry out against, L. 2525;
1 pr. 8. make complaint, L. 2512; pp.
said by way of complaint, L. 326 a.
Pleyning, 8. complaining, lamenting, 3.
599.

Pleynly, adv. plainly, openly, (or, fully),

A 1733.

Pleynte, s. plaint, complaint, 2. 47; Pl.
of Kynde, Complaint of Nature, 5. 316.
Plighte (1), pt. 8. plucked, drew, T. ii.
1120; pulled, B 15; pp. plucked, torn,
D 790. The infin. would be plicchen,
variant of plukkien or plukken.
Plighte (2), 1 pr. 8. plight, pledge, F 1537 ;
pt. 8. L. 2466; pp. pledged, C 702.
Plomet, 8. plummet, heavy weight, A. ii.

23. 42.

Plom-rewle, s. plummet-rule, A. ii. 38. 10.
'Plough-harneys, 8. harness for a plough,
i. e. parts of a plough, as the share and
coulter, A 3762.

Ploumes, 8. pl. plums, R. 1375.
Ploungen, ger. to plunge, bathe, B 3. p 2.
48.

Ploungy, adj. stormy, rainy, B 1. m 3. 9.

Plowman, s. ploughman, E 799.
Plukke, v. pluck, pull, T. iv. 1403.
Plye, v. ply, mould, E 1430; bend, E 1169.
Plyght, pp. plighted, T. iii. 782.
Plyt, s. plight, T. ii. 712, 1731; condition,
B 2338; position, T. ii. 74; Plyte, dat.
mishap, wretched condition, 5. 294;
plight, 23. 19; state, G 952.

Plyte, ger. to fold, T. ii. 1204; pt. 8.
turned backwards and forwards, T. ii.
697.

Poeplish, popular, T. iv. 1677.

Poesye, s. poetry, T. v. 1790.
Poinant, adj. poignant, I 130, 131.
Point, Poynt, 8. point, A 114; position,
I 921; in point, on the point of, about
to, B 331, 910; at point, ready, T. iv.
1638; in good p., in good case, A 200;
fro p. to p., from beginning to end,
B 3652; p. for p., in every detail, E 577.
Point-devys; at p., with great neatness,
exactly, carefully, HF. 917; A 3689, F
560.

Pointel, 8. style, i. e. stylus, writing im-
plement, B 1. p 1. 3.

Poke, 8. bag, A 3780, 4278,

Poked, pt. s. incited, T. iii. 116; nudged,
A 4169.

Pokets, 8. pl. little bags, G 808.

Pokkes, 8. pl. pocks, pustules, C 358.

Pol (1), 8. pole, long stick; Pole, dat. L.

2202.

Pol (2), 8. pole (of the heavens), A. i. 14. 9.
Polax, 8. pole-axe, L. 642.
Polcat, 8. polecat, C 855.
Policye, 8. public business, C 600.
Pollax, 8. pole-axe, A 2544.
Polut, pp. polluted, B 1. p 4. 281.
Polýve, 8. pulley, F 184.

Pomel, 8. round part, top, A 2689.
Pomely, adj. marked with round spots
like an apple, dappled, A 616; Pomely-
gris, dapple-gray, G 559.
Pomgarnettes, s. pl. pomegranates, R.
1356.

Pompe, 8. pomp, A 525.

Pool, s. pole (of the heavens), A. i. 18. 20.
Pope-Holy, i. e. Hypocrisy, R. 415.
Popelote, 8. poppet, darling, A 3254.
Popet, 8. puppet, doll; spoken ironically,
and really applied to a corpulent person,
B 1891.

Popinjay, 8. popinjay, R. 913.

Poplér, 8. poplar-tree, A 2921; (collec-
tively) poplar-trees, R. 1385.

Popped, pt. 8. refl. tricked herself out,
R. 1019.

Popper, 8. small dagger, A 3931.

Poraille, 8. poor people, A 247.
Porche, 8. Porch, B 5. m 4. I.
Pore, adj. poor, L. 388.

Porisme, 8. corollary, B 3. p 10. 166.
Porphúrie, s. a slab of porphyry used as
a mortar, G 775-

Port (1), 8. port, carriage, behaviour,
A 69; bearing, mien, L. 2453.
Port (2), 8. haven, T. i. 526, 969.
Portatif, adj. portable, 3. 53-
Porthors, s. portesse, breviary, B 1321.

From porter, to carry, hors, abroad.
Portours, pl. porters, T. v. 1139.
Portreiture, s. drawing, picture, R. 827;
set of drawings, A 1968; picturing, HF.
131.

Portreye, v. pourtray, depict, 1. 81;
Portrayed, pp. painted in fresco, R.
140; full of pictures, R. 1077.
Portreying, s. a picture, A 1938.
Pose, 8. a cold in the head, A 4152, H 62.
A.S. ge-pose.

Pose, I pr. 8. put the case, (will) suppose,
A 1162.

Positif, adj positive, fixed, A 1167.
Positioun, 8. supposition, hypothesis,
B 5. p 4. 48.

Possessioners, s. pl. men who are en-
dowed, D 1722.

Possessioun, s. great possessions, wealth,
F 686; endowments, D 1926.
Posseth, pr. 8. pusheth, tosseth, L. 2420.
Post, s. support, A 214; pillar, A 800.
Postum, 8. imposthume, abscess, B 3. p 4.
14.

Potage, 8. broth, B 3623, C 368.

Potente, 8. crutch, R. 368; staff, D 1776.
Potestat, s. potentate, D 2017.
Pothecárie, s. apothecary, C 852.
Pouche, 8. pocket, A 3931; pl. money-
bags, A 368.

Poudre, 8. dust, HF. 536; powder, G 760;
gunpowder, HF. 1644.

Poudred, pp. besprinkled, R. 1436.
Poudre-marchaunt, 8. the name of
a kind of spice, A 381.

Pounage, s. pannage, swine's food, 9. 7.
Pound, pl. pounds, A 454.
Poune, 8. pawn at chess, 3. 661.
Pounsoned, pp. as adj. stamped, pierced,

Poured, pp. poured, R. 1148.

Pouring, 8. pouring (in), T. iii. 1460.
Pous, 8. pulse, T. iii. 1114.

Poustee, 8. power, B 4. p 5. 13.

Povertee, s. poverty, 3. 410; Povérte, &
poverty, T. iv. 1520; Póvert, poverty,
R. 450; Povért, C 441.

Povre, adj. poor, R. 466, A 225.

Povre, adj. as 8. poor, hence poverty, 10, 2.
Povre, adv. poorly, E 1043.

Povreliche, adj. poorly, in poverty, E 213.

1055.

Povrely, adv. in poor array, A 1412.
Povrest, adj. superl, poorest, C 449, E 205.
Poynaunt, adj. pungent, A 352, B 4024.
Poynt, 8. sharp point, 7. 211; very object,
aim, A 1501; point, bit (of it), part, R.
1236; a stop, G 1480; up p., on the
point, T. iv. 1153; in p. is, is on the
point, is ready, 1. 48; fro p. to p., in
every point, 5. 461; to the p., to the
point, 5. 372; at p. devys, exact at all
points, R. 830; to perfection, exquisitely,
R. 1215; pl. tags, A 3322.

Poynte, ger. to describe, T. iii. 497; pr.
pl. stab, R. 1058; pp. pointed, R. 944.
Poyntel, s. style for writing, D 1742.
Practisour, 8. practitioner, À 422.
Praktike, 8. practice, D 187.
Praye, 8. prey, 1. 64.

Praye, pr. pl. petition, make suit, I 785.
Praying, 8. request, prayer, R. 1484.
Preamble, s. D 831.

Preambulacioun, 8. preambling, D 837.
Precedent, adj. preceding, A. ii. 32. 4.
Preche, v. preach, A 481, 712; Prechestow,
thou preachest, D 366.

Prechour, s. preacher, D 165.
Preciousnesse, s. costliness, I 446.
Predestinee, 8. predestination, T. iv. 966,
Predicacioun, 8. preaching, sermon, B

1179.

Preef, s. proof, assertion, D 247; ex-
perience, L. 528 a; test, proof, G 968;
the test, H 75-

Prees, 8. press, crowd, B 393, 646; the
throng of courtiers, 13. 4; press of
battle, 9. 33; in p., in the crowd, 5. 603.
Preesseth, pr. s. throngs, A 2580.
Prefectes, gen. prefect's, G 369. Lit. an
officer of the prefect's (officers).'

Preferre, pr. 8. subj. precede, take pre-
cedence of, D 96.

Preignant, pres. pt. plain, convincing,
T. iv. 1179.

Preisen, ger. to praise, (worthy) of being
praised, R. 70; v. appraise, estimate, R.
1115; prize, esteem, R. 1693.