133. Gnats, clear drops from the mouth of a fpeaker, a fhadow, a cow, a horse, fun-beams, duft, earth, air and fire, muft all be confidered as clean, even when they touch an unclean thing. 134. For the cleanfing of veffels, which have ⚫ held ordure or urine, earth and water must be • used, as long as they are needful; and the fame for cleansing the twelve corporeal impurities: 135. Oily exudations, feminal fluids, blood, dandruff, urine, feces, ear-wax, nail-parings, phlegm, tears, concretions on the eyes, and fweat, are the twelve impurities of the human < frame.

136. By the man who defires purity, one piece of earth, together with water, muft be used for the ' conduit of urine, three for that of the feces; so, ten for one hand, that is, the left; then feven for both but if necessary, more must be used.

137. Such is the purification of married men ; • that of ftudents must be double; that of hermits, triple; that of men wholly reclufe, quadruple.

138. Let each man fprinkle the cavities of his body, and taste water in due form, when he has discharged urine or feces; when he is going to 'read the Véda; and, invariably, before he takes • his food:

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139. First, let him thrice taste water; then, twice let him wipe his mouth, if he be of a twice born clafs, and defire corporeal purity; but a woman or fervile man may once refpectively make that ablution.

140. Sudras, engaged in religious duties, muft perform each month the ceremony of fhaving their heads; their food must be the

orts

orts of Bráhmens; and their mode of purification, the same with that of a Vailya.

141. Such drops of water, as fall from the mouth or any part of the body, render it not unclean; nor hairs of the beard that enter the <mouth; nor what adheres awhile to the teeth. 142. Drops, which trickle on the feet of a • man holding water for others, are held equal to waters flowing over pure earth: by them he is not defiled.

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143. He, who carries in any manner an inanimate burden, and is touched by any thing impure, is cleanfed by making an ablution, without laying his burden down.

144. Having vomited, or been purged, lèt ⚫ him bathe and taste clarified butter, but, if he have eaten already, let him only perform an ablution: for him, who has been connected with a woman, bathing is ordained by law.

145. 'Having flumbered, having sneezed, having eaten, having fpitten, having told untruths, having drunk water, and going to read facred <books, let him, though pure, wash his mouth.

146. This perfect fyftem of rules for purifying men of all claffes, and for cleansing inanimate things, has been declared to you: hear now the laws concerning women.

147. By a girl, or by a young woman, or by a woman advanced in years, nothing mut be done, even in her own dwelling place, according to her mere pleasure:

148. In childhood must a female be. dependent on her father; in youth, on her husband; her lord being dead, on her fons; if she have no fons, on the near kinfmen of her husband; if he

left

left no kinfmen, on those of her father; if she have no paternal kinfmen, on the fovereign a woman muft never feek independence.

149. Never let her wifh to feparate herself from her father, her husband, or her fons; for, by a feparation from them, fhe expofes both families to contempt.

150. She must always live with a cheerful temper, with good management in the affairs ⚫ of the house, with great care of the household 'furniture, and with a frugal hand in all her expences.

151. 'Him, to whom her father has given. her, or her brother with the paternal affent, let "her obfequiously honour, while he lives; and, when he dies, let her never neglect him.

152. The recitation of holy texts, and the facrifice ordained by the lord of creatures, are used in marriages for the fake of procuring good fortune to brides; but the firft gift, or troth plighted by the hufband, is the primary cause and origin of marital dominion.

153. When the hufband has performed the nuptial rites with texts from the Véda, he gives ⚫ blifs continually to his wife here below, both in feafon and out of feafon; and he will give her happiness in the next world.

154. Though inobfervant of approved usages, · or enamoured of another woman, or devoid of good qualities, yet a hufband must constantly ⚫ be revered as a god by a virtuous wife.

155. No facrifice is allowed to women apart ⚫ from their husbands, no religious rite, no fafting as far only as a wife honours her lord, fo far fhe is exalted in heaven. ·

156. A faithful wife, who wishes to attain in heaven the manfion of her husband, must do ⚫ nothing unkind to him, be he living or dead:

157. Let her emaciate her body, by living voluntarily on pure flowers, roots, and fruit; but let her not, when her lord is deceafed, even pronounce the naine of another man.

158. Let her continue till death forgiving all injuries, performing harsh duties, avoiding every fenfual pleasure, and cheerfully practifing the · incomparable rules of virtue, which have been followed by fuch women, as were devoted to ' one only husband.

159. Many thousands of Brákmens, having avoided fenfuality from their early youth, and having left no iffue in their families, have af cended, nevertheless, to heaven;

160. And, like thofe abftemious men, a virtuous wife afcends to heaven, though fhe have 'no child, if, after the decease of her lord, fhe • devote herself to pious aufterity:

161. But a widow, who, from a wish to bear children, flights her deceafed husband by marrying again, brings difgrace on herfelf here below, ' and fhall be excluded from the feat of her lord.' 162. Iffue, begotten on a woman by any ' other than her husband, is here declared to be no progeny of hers; no more than a child, begotten on the wife of another man, belongs to the begetter: nor is a fecond husband allowed, in any part of this code, to a virtuous woman. 163. She, who neglects her former (púrva) lord, though of a lower clafs, and takes another (para) of a higher, becomes despicable in this ' world, and is called parapúrvá, or one who had a different bufband before.

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164. A married woman, who violates the duty which he owes to her lord, brings infamy ⚫ on herself in this life, and, in the next, fhall enter the womb of a fhakal, or be afflicted with elephantiafis,and other diseases, which punish crimes; 165. While fhe, who flights not her lord, but keeps her mind, fpeech, and body, devoted to him, attains his heavenly manfion, and by good men is called fádhvi, or virtuous.

166. Yes; by this course of life it is, that a woman, whose mind, fpeech, and body are kept in fubjection, acquires high renown in this world, and, in the next, the fame abode with her husband.

167. A twice born man, verfed in facred ' ordinances, must burn with hallowed fire and fit implements of facrifice, his wife dying before him, if fhe was of his own clafs, and lived by thefe rules:

168. Having thus kindled facred fires and ⚫ performed funeral rites to his wife, who died before him, he may again marry, and again <light the nuptial fire.

169. Let him not cease to perform day by day, according to the preceding rules, the five great facraments; and having taken a lawful confort, let him dwell in his houfe during the ⚫ fecond period of his life.