leur Doctrines, et leur Influence. Par Pascal Duprat. Paris: A. Lacroix, 1866.

When attempting to show how the cyclopædias copied each other in my Bibliographical List of Works on Swimming, I began the list with the Encyclopédie under the impression that it was the first. From M. Duprat's work I learn that the Cyclopædia by Ephraim Chambers, Dublin, 1728, fol. 2 vols., was before it; the English being the pioneers of encyclopædias.

I do not suppose that one who, like myself, has not studied the subject can give J. G. any information that will be new to him. I presume he has perused the prefaces to the encyclopædias themselves for information. In his preface, conspicuous for modesty, Dr. Rees says he had "devoted almost twenty years of his life, measured not by fragments of time, but by whole days of twelve or fourteen, hours," at editing his Encyclopædia; and he gives the names of some of the contributors, saying, however, that the names of most of his coadjutors were already mentioned on the covers of several parts of the work. I never saw a copy with the covers preserved, so that I have never seen a perfect copy; and it would probably be difficult to meet with one, as the binders have been industrious since 1820.

A work on the Penny Cyclopædia, its editors, authors, and publishers, from the pen of Mr. George Long, would be of the greatest interest. Probably J. G. has read an interesting and terse little pamphlet, entitled The Struggles of a Book against Excessive Taxation, by Charles Knight, in which the difficulties, financial and otherwise, of the Penny Cyclopædia are detailed.

OLPHAR HAMST.

HERALD, HERALDRY (4th S. viii. 243.)-MR. MARK ANTONY LOWER is entitled to the credit of having already introduced the word heraldric as a valuable companion to the older word heraldic; and throughout his interesting work, Curiosities of Heraldry, which was published as far back as 1845, makes a discriminating use of both terms, confining heraldic to everything that pertains to the herald and his official status and duties, and using heraldric in relation to the science and practice of heraldry only. In his preface to the abovenamed work Mr. Lower ably enforces the need for and the legitimacy of the adjective heraldric, while he shows, by apt examples, where it or its

sister term heraldic should be used.

"meat and mense (or Scottish manse, or Latin mensa), was equivalent to "board and lodging." CUTHBERT BEDE.

"KEIP ON THIS SYDE" (4th S. viii. 46, 111, 206.)-In Nichols's Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century, vol. iv. p. 209, in a letter from George Ballard (author of Lives of Illustrious Ladies) to Joseph Ames, the typographical historian, the following passage occurs:

"I have lately had an odd inscription communicated little column in Lincolnshire, which I here send you :— to me by a gentleman of Litchfield, said to be found on a

'KEE

PONT

HISS IDE.'

"If you never saw the inscription before, and do not know the true meaning of it, in my next letter you shall have it explained."

This letter is dated "Campden, Jan. 12, 1733-4," but it doubtless remained in manuscript until it made its appearance in 1822, in the valuable collection of John Nichols. Still, the letter itself affords evidence that the joke, such as it is, was in currency a quarter of a century earlier than its ventilation in the columns of The Town and Country Magazine, of unsavoury notoriety. But there is no reason why the inscription, in the exact form in which Ballard puts it, may not have been genuine. Cautionary notices of a similar character, but disposed of in a less ludicrous fashion, have certainly been posted up. I think I can remember having, several years ago, seen, as a means of facilitating the passenger traffic in some of the narrow and more crowded thoroughfares of the ancient city of Norwich, a notice somewhat to this effect:"You are requested to observe the London custom of keeping the right hand next the wall." What is this but "Keip on this syde" a little more euphoniously expressed?

Reform Club.

HENRY CAMPKIN, F.S.A.

142, 273.)-It is pleasant, at this distance of time, TRAVELLING SEVENTY YEARS AGO (4th S. viii. to recall and record the travelling of our juvenile almost seventy years ago, and was in a long days. My first journey by stage-coach was made coach. Soon after, I went from Birmingham to Bristol. We left Birmingham at three in the morning, breakfasted at Worcester, and dined at Newport, between Gloucester and Bristol. We thought it expeditious travelling to reach Bristol by ten o'clock at night. The coach was a lumbering single-bodied one, with a stupendous boot, both in front and behind, for luggage. But soon after, double-bodied coaches became common: a noted one, called the "Volunteer," ran for some years between London and Bristol. These succeeded the old long coaches, which resembled our present omnibuses, but were far inferior to them

in accommodation. Travelling in one of these, once upon a time, we inside were seriously apprehensive of the slightly constructed roof giving way, from the weight of the outside passengers and luggage. And another time, in one of these long coaches, we were run into by a mail coach and upset, so that the passengers on one side fell upon those on the other. I congratulated myself on being one of the upper tier. I well recollect the first mail coaches; but I believe the back of the vehicle was stuffed, as well as the sides, with hay; and the cloth lining was not of a drab colour, but always gray. F. C. H.

CURIOUS ADDRESSES ON LETTERS (4th S. viii. 5, 163, 271, 332.)—Mrs. Markham seems to have made a mistake. The words "Haste for thy life, post haste," &c., or at least very near the same words which she ascribes to a "nobleman of Henry VIII.'s court," were endorsed on a letter from Lord Warwick to the Council, when besieged at Havre in 1563. (Froude, 4th edit. vii. 514.) LYTTELTON.

as,

Hagley, Stourbridge. PROVINCIAL GLOSSARY (4th S. v. vi. passim.) I have often heard the word empt used for empty, "I'll empt the bucket," in Bristol and the West of England, and in no other part of the country, although I have lived in various places. Another local west-country word is nub, or knub, for knob or lump, as "Please to give me a knub of sugar." If not already noted these words are worth preserving.

H. B.

PURITAN CHANGES OF NAMES (4th S. vii. 430, 526; viii. 72, 134.)-According to Macfarlane's History of England (xii. 197), the names given in Hume's note, "Accepted, Redeemed, Faint Not, Make Peace, &c." were the invention of a clergyman of the Church of England, without any foundation in fact. T. J. BUCKTON.

DERBY OR DARBY (4th S. viii. 106, 157, 274.)— Nobody appears to have yet answered W. G.'s query on this subject, and as I have been anxiously looking for some notice of the question, allow me to renew it. Was not the e almost always pronounced as a, especially when it was followed by an r, as it is undoubtedly in Derby, Berks, Clerk, &c. &c., and I think in Herbert (often written Harbert), in Perkins (often written Parkins)? W. G. says the earl's name (Derby) is usually pronounced Darby. That it was so in 1660 I have good proof; for in Armorial Universel of Segoing, folio, Paris, 1660 (which being a French book and "universal," gives four sheets only of arms to England out of the 217 in the book), I find on sheet 181 the arms of "N. Stanley, Comte d'Arbie," which I think shows that Segoing must only have heard the name pronounced, never seen it written. As long as people were not educated

Cited his book,

And the Chancellor said-I doubt."

(Life of Lord Eldon, ed. 1846, vol. ii. 400.)

The point is of course the same in both cases; and if, as W. C. says, this very small joke appeared in the Morning Chronicle, it may still be seen which is the correct version. Twiss merely says that it found its way to the Chancellor. CHARLES WYLIE.

THEVENEAU DE MORANDE'S "LIFE OF MADAME DU BARRY" (4th S. viii. 83.)-Several notices relating to Morande and his infamous works (including the suppressed Mémoires secrets d'une Femme publique), and also notices and observations upon other works on Madame du Barry not considered to have been written by that audacious "adventurer," may be found in Mémoires secrets pour servir à l'Histoire de la République des Lettres en France, depuis M.DCCLXII, jusqu'à nos jours, etc. (Adamson, London), vols. vii. pp. 132-3, 166-7, 244, and viii. 156-7, 198, 238, 246-7, 258-9, 275.

MR. C. E. BROWNE is evidently in error when he says that the Anecdotes, etc. were published in 1776. The subjoined extracts sufficiently prove that the work was published in 1775, i.e.

"6 octobre. On parle d'une brochure venant de l'étranger et arrêtée à la chambre syndicale, ayant pour titre, Anecdotes sur Madame la Comtesse Dubarri," &c., and under date November 7, 1775, giving an extract of a letter from Amsterdam of Nov. 2:

"Il se répand ici des exemplaires d'un livre †, intitulé : Anecdotes sur Madame la Comtesse Dubarry, avec cette épigraphe: Hæc ubi supposuit dextro mihi corpore lævum, Ilia et Egeria est; do nomen quodlibet illi. Cet ouvrage

* "Le... Chevalier de la Morande, auteur du Gazetier

cuirassé, a pour véritable nom Thévenot: il est fils d'un honnête praticien d'Arnay-le-Duc en Bourgogne, qu'il a fait mourir de chagrin."

+ "Celui-ci, assez étendu, a 350 pages, et porte Lon

dres."

est si scandaleux et si piquant, que malgré la liberté furtivedu commerce de la librairie, on ne le vend que ment. Il n'y a cependant aucune apparence que ce soit le pamphlet du Sr. Morande, puisque le Sr. Beaumarchais en a acheté le manuscrit," &c.

The manuscript here mentioned refers to Mémoires secrets d'une Femme publique, which Beaumarchais had previously bought up and settled for with the author; and the extract furthermore shows us, that as far as the writer was aware, the Anecdotes and Mémoires were two different works, and did not proceed from the same pen.

Waltham Abbey.

J. PERRY.

"In the Middle Ages a charivari consisted in an assemblage of ragamuffins, who, armed with tin pots and pans, &c., gathered in the dark outside the house of any obnoxious person, and made night hideous by striking the pots against the pans, and howling Haro! Haro! or (in the Southern countries) Hari! Hari!' whence the word 'Charivari.' The nuisance must have been pushed to great lengths, for in 1563 the Council of Trent took up the matter and solemnly interdicted charivaris under pain of excommunication."

lib. vii. cap.. 75, where the line is thus given as from 66 our own Eschyl.":

"Light sorrows speak, great grief is dumb!" But it will not be found in Shakspeare; the nearest approach in "our own Eschylus," so far as I can find, being that already given by one of your correspondents in the words of Malcolm (Macbeth, Act IV. Sc. 3.)

The passage in Thucydides describes the sorrowful departure of the Athenian forces from Syracuse—καὶ μείζω ἢ κατὰ δάκρυα τὰ μὲν πεπονθότας ἤδη. Bloomfield suggests that "perhaps Thucydides might have in mind Herodot. vii. 147"; to me it seems more likely, and I say it with diffidence, that he had in view Herodotus iii. 14, where Psammenitus describes his woes to Cambyses as μéw kaκà wote àvakλalew; of which presently.

In Bloomfield's note DR. RAMAGE may find perhaps a passage from a Greek author such as he asked for, as Eschyl. Agam. 860.

Of the stupefying effect of grief numerous illustrations might be given, as in Ovid's story of Niobe (Metam. vi. 301-312), Byron's Parasina (st. x.), the lover in Tennyson's Maud

"Why am I sitting here so stunn'd and still?” and King Henry I.'s lament over his son (see Oxford Prize Poem, 1840); but the most beautiful exposition of the idea is in Bode's paraphrase of the passage from Herodotus above quoted, for concluding with which I hope to be pardoned :· "The sad philosophy of grief,

Taught in misfortune's school,
Hails the eye's dew a sweet relief,
The burning heart to cool.
"For common sorrows tears may flow,
Like these that stain my cheek;
But, prince, there is a depth of woe
That tears can never speak.
"To see my comrade's cheerless state,
The friend of happier years,
I weep-but oh! my children's fate
Lies all too deep for tears.

"Far in the heart's most secret shrine
Those springs of sorrow sleep:
Who bends 'neath woes as dark as mine
Must grieve he cannot weep."

Shinfield Grove.

W. T. M.

DR. RAMAGE's quotation from Byron's Corsair reminds one not a little of Hamlet's rebuke:"Seems, madam, nay it is. I know not seems; There's that within which passeth show, These but the trappings and the suits of woe." In Winter's Tale Shakespeare again describes silent grief forcibly when he says

"There is a grief which burns
Worse than tears drown."

P. A. L.

I have been for some weeks out of the range of periodical literature, and the quotations I subjoin

may have been anticipated. If not, MR. RAMAGE may like to be referred to the magnificent line near the end of Ford's Broken Heart"They are the silent griefs that cut the heart-strings." Mr. Justice Talfourd gives an echo of this in Ion

"They are the silent sorrows that touch nearest." K. T. R. P. OPENING OF THE THEATRES IN 1668 (4th S. viii.

302.)—I have not seen the edition of Pepys from which J. M. quotes (the third, 1848); but supposing, as I am bound to do, that he has transcribed accurately, it is remarkable that but little of the extract he gives from the Diary under date March 26, 1668, is to be found in the edition before me the second of 1828. I say remarkable because I was unaware that later issues were more than reprints of former ones. All I find in the entry under above date-that part of it, at least, referring to the subject matter of J. M.'s inquiry

is::

Then comes a very adverse criticism of the piece, but the paragraph quoted by J. M., beginning "But my wife and Deb. being there before," and ending with "it costing me eight shillings upon them in oranges at 6d. a piece," is not there.

There is nothing in the omitted words that affects the question as to the time of opening the theatres, but it seems to me that J. M. is rash in deducing from what Pepys wrote that Cibber's statement that "plays then" (in Charles II.'s time) "used to begin at four o'clock; the hour that people of the same rank are now (circ. 1739)" going to dinner," "could not be an uniform rule."

Pepys, in his awkwardly constructed sentence, does not say when the performance began; he merely says that at one o'clock the house was full; indeed it appears perfectly clear that it did not begin at that hour, for "by and by the king came," and "by and by " no doubt the play began. "By and by" is easily said; all depends upon what Pepys understood by it.

The simple fact appears to be that on days when the king was to be present it was the habit of the people to go early in order to secure places. They waited inside the houses as thousands in our own time have waited outside on occasions of special interest.

I am at a loss to conceive how anyone fresh from the perusal of Pepys can suggest, as J. M. does, that Charles II. was so exclusive that the "commonality" were not admitted when he visited the theatre.

"For they to theatres were pleased to come

Ere they had dined, to take up the best room." (Quoted in Collier's Annals of the Stage, vol. iii. 376.) CHARLES WYLIE.

3, Earl's Terrace, Kensington, W.

THE TEARS OF THE CRUETS (4th S. viii. 300.)— By relating Jekyll's witticisms on Sir William Scott's marriage as "likely to be new to many of your readers," I should imagine that W. 1. is unfound in so accessible a book as the Life of Lord aware that the story of the door-plates is to be Eldon, by Twiss (ed. 1846, vol. i. 513.)

CHARLES WYLIE.

AN ITALIAN CYNIPS (4th S. viii. 284.)-I cannot say that I have ever met with the peculiar kettledrum-shaped oak-gall, nor have I heard of its having ever been found in England. But, from the description given, I should have but little doubt that it is the medlar-gall, and that it belongs to those galls mentioned by Cuvier under the name of galles en nèfle. The round, drum, or kettle-shape of the lower part of the gall inquired for, and its flat top, seem to correspond sufficiently with the shape of a medlar to justify this assumption of F. C. H. (a Murithian.)

DISTINGUISHED GIPSIES (4th S. viii. 26.)-The gipsies having no religion, no taste for politics, and being averse to a military life, have not distinguished themselves in either of these departments. They, however, are excellent musicians, especially those in the East of Europe. In Moscow the gipsy singers are quite an institution, and in Hungary, Transylvania, and Moldavia they are noted as players on the violin. The names Barna Mihaly, Czinka Panna, and Bihari are known in the whole of Hungary. The first, who resided in 1737 in Illesfalva, in the Zips country, was court violinist to Cardinal Count Emmerich Csaky. The cardinal ordered a full-size portrait of him, with the legend "Magyar Orpheus." His daughter, who died in 1772 in Gömmerer Comitat, was also a celebrated violinist.

The names Sucecawâ, Anzheluzzâ, and Barba are known all over Moldavia and Wallachia. Bihari lived at Pest in 1827. John Kalozdy, the well-known violin player, leader, and composer, is still alive. If I mistake not, a collection of musical compositions by gipsies has been published at Pest. Dr. Clarke was of opinion that the national Russian dance called "Barina" is of gipsy origin, and that our common hornpipe may have been derived from them. The gipsies of Hungary do not usually play by ear only, and are generally led by an Austrian. Having no national music,