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NOTES:- On the Norman-French Cry of "Haro," 21Chaucer: "Miller's Tale," 22-Sir Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke, Ib.- Reminiscences of '98 - Cure for Gout: a Good Friday Hare-An Eccentric-Misuse of the Word "Christen "The wrong Man in the right Place - Epigram on his Bed, by M. Benserade-Centenarians - The Daisy (Botanical Mistake) - O'Connor of Connaught and other Irish Chiefs at Bannockburn-Edge-A Weather Legend - Thomas Percy the Younger What's his Name? 23. QUERIES:-Author wanted-Bacon of "The Times" The Ballad of Flodden Field" - Births, Deaths, and Marriages Burning of Heretics Alive "Five-leaved Clover-The Doncaster Mayor-Distinguished GipsiesGood Friday's Bread Superstition- Kissing the Foot"A Letter on 'Hamlet "" Lotteries Miniature of "The Honourable Sir Thomas Lowe"- Montalt Barons "The Music Lesson," by Gerard Terburg-Lord Palmerston A Pepper-pot-Plant Folk Lore-"Political Ballads," &c., 25. REPLIES:-The White Tower of London, 28-Medallic Queries, 30-Monolith at Mearns, Ib.- The Doctrine of Celticism, 31 - Relics of Burns - Gnats versus Mosquitoes Mrs. Harriet Clarke, aged 106-Lord Erskine - Our Lady of Holywell-Passion Plays-Sir John MasonGates, Isle of Man-Dore-" Whether or no 39 -Fiction and Fact -"The Judgement of a most reverend and learned Man"-"Adamantine Chains" "Not lost, but gone before"- Garroons or Garrons-Calvin and Servetus Sir Ralph Bigland-Length of Hair in Men and Women-Judicial Oaths - Selden's Ballads - Twenty Points of Piety, &c., 32. Notes on Books, &c. Notes. ON THE NORMAN-FRENCH CRY OF HARO. There are few traits of national manners and customs which have been more frequently mentioned and commented upon by writers than the use of the cry or exclamation of haro! by the inhabitants of Normandy subsequently to the occupation of the province by Rolf Ganger and his Northmen in the year 912. It was the Norman hue and cry, and its use has been perpetuated to our own day, or at least revived by modern French writers. It occurs occasionally in the columns of Parisian newspapers, generally in the serio-comic style, applied either to men or animals in such phrases as "Haro sur les rouges!" "Haro sur les chauve-souris!" No French or other chronicler or antiquary, down to the most recent writers, has hitherto been able to offer any better explanation of the term than that it was used by the followers of Rolf as an invocation of their prince under his Frenchified name of Rou. On this hypothesis, Ha Rou! or Ro! was used in moments of difficulty and danger as an appeal to the sovereign power and justice of the Norman dukes, by which to strike terror into evil-doers and violators of the laws. I suppose there is hardly any one who has not felt that this explanation is very unsatisfactory, and to me it has always seemed to carry improbability on the face of it. History offers no other similar example of such an invocation of a prince or ruler by his subjects at a distance from his presence; and there is no sufficient evidence that Rolf ever established a character for justice and fair-dealing, which is little in consonance with his career as a piratical sea-king and invader. But who can suppose that the custom of invoking him should have maintained itself long after his time, when his name and fame had been eclipsed by those of his successors? If any personal invocation were really intended by the cry, it was that of a heathen god, and not of a baptized heathen prince, as will appear from what follows. The word haro is probably nothing more than the Icelandic hárödd, a loud cry or noise, compounded of há, the feminine of adj. hárr, altus, and rödd, s. f., vox, sonitus. That it, as well as other Norse words, was used by the followers of Rolf, of course requires no evidence to prove. There may, however, seem here to be a confusion of ideas, between the cry itself and the word or words forming the cry. To establish this derivation would require a very careful comparison of the original statements; but if the objection I have hinted should be deemed fatal to it, another explanation suggests itself, which is quite free from any such ground of objection, and which I am myself inclined to prefer. Hárr is one of the Scaldic names of Odin, and may be explained either from the sense of "lofty," or from hárr, canus, incanus, Odin being well known as the old man of Lethra and Upsala, or from há, s. f. a battle, and the verb há, to press, vex, or strike. This latter seems to be the sense preferred by Mr. Laing, who, in his admirable translation of the Heimskringla, explains hárr or hare as the striker or wielder of the axe and sword in battle. That Odin should have been thus invoked by the Northmen after their settlement in Normandy, and after they had become Christians in name at least, will not appear in the least unnatural or improbable, if we consider that, even at the present day, the naming of or alluding to Odin is not extinct either in Scandinavia or Britain. It is not, however, even necessary to suppose this. Perhaps the simplest explanation of the term haro! is to consider it as equivalent to "strike, ho!" in English. At the beginning of this note I used our term hue and cry. The hue, I may remark, is from the old French verb huer, and is in common use by the French at this day in their exclamation hu! Ha and harr also give us the origin of the old Northern word to harry or herry. I believe also that the same words give the sense of the proper name Harald or Harold, rejoicing in battle or battle-strokes. This explanation curiously illustrates the statement of some of our old chroniclers, as to the last of the Saxon kings having used the figure of an armed man for his standard at the battle of Hastings. It was appropriate to his name, and was of course to be understood as of Harold himself, taking his stand on his own right and for his own hand. J. H. TURNER. CHAUCER: "MILLER'S TALE." 1. "Bot soth to say he was somdel squaymous and of speche daungerous." Morris, 1. 152. Of.. squaymous Tyrwhitt finds a difficulty in reconciling the "of the first line with the "daungerous" of the second. He is as puzzled as Stephano (Tempest) was with the two voices of the most delicate monster. There is no doubt, however, that "daungerous" here means coy, nice. Compare Wife of Bath's Prologue, 1. 151 :—' "If I be daungerous, God yive me sorwe." And again, 1. 514— "I trowe, I loved him beste, for that he In The Babees Book, &c. (p. 35, E.E.T.S.) we have "hoo that comyzt to an howse Loke he be noo thyng' dongerowse agree now upon Jan. 29, 1621. Thus I find it in Sir Harris Nicolas's Historic Peerage, ed. by W. Courthope, 1857. And Mrs. Green, in her Calendar of State Papers, registers the "Creation of Sir Fulk Greville to the rank of Baron Brooke of Beauchamp's Court, co. Warwick (Grant Book, p. 321)," on the same date. And this is accepted also by Mr. Gardiner, Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage, 1869, vol. i. p. 377. Now Sir Fulke Greville was Chancellor of the Exchequer, and his successor, Sir R. Weston, was not appointed until autumn of the same year. (Cf. the extract of a letter from Locke to Carleton dated October 6, 1621, in the Cal. Stat. Dom.) If, then, the date given by Mrs. Green was right, as Parliament was sitting from Jan. 30 to June 4-we should have the spectacle of a Chancellor of the Exchequer being a member of the House of Lords during the session. The date, however, is wrong. Sir Fulke sat in the House of Commons, though I cannot say for which place, till its adjournment took place on June 4. I have no means here of judging whether Mrs. Green has misread the document, or whether the document itself bears a wrong date; but wrong it is. The negative argument taken from the non-occurrence of Lord Again (Part II. p. 22, 1. 64), we have "de viande Brooke's name in the lists of the Journals of the dangereux" dainty. In 1. 517 of Prologue (Cant. Tales) — "Ne of his speche daungerous ne digne," the meaning of the word seems doubtful. See Wedgwood's admirable note upon "danger," and compare Prologue, 1. 663. 2. "Under his tunge a trewe love he beere." I suppose this "trewe love " to have been a scented sweetmeat in the shape of a lovers' knot. In The Court of Love (1. 1440) the word occurs again "And with a trewe love, plited many-folde, She smote me thrugh the very harte as blive." Here, as they are throwing flowers, "trewe love" would seem to be the herb referred to in Tyrwhitt's Glossary, so named from its shape. In Anturs of Arther (stanza 28, Camden Soc.) King Arthur's dress is described as "trowlt with trulufes"; and the note refers to Edward I.'s stole "embroidered with pearls in the shape of what are called true-lovers' knots." JOHN ADDIS. Rustington, near Littlehampton, Sussex. SIR FULKE GREVILLE, LORD BROOKE. There seems to be some uncertainty about the date of Sir Fulke Greville's promotion to the Peerage. Mr. John Bruce, in a note to Whitelocke's Liber Famelicus, p. 44, generally states it to have taken place in 1620. Mr. Thomas, Historical Materials, &c., sub voce, exhibits a curious medley of different dates; but the best authorities House of Lords before Nov. 20, 1621, will perhaps not satisfy everybody; for there is just a possibility that his name, for some reason or other, might have been omitted. Such omissions sometimes happened. Thus I find during the same session another new peer's name missing in the lists, at least for the first months, viz. W. Lord Beauchamp. But in the Journals of the Commons the positive proof is to be found of the Chancellor of Exchequer's having sat in the lower house, as he should have done, and taken an active part in the business there. Cf. for instance Feb. 26, March 23, 26 p.m. April 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, &c. Extracts of speeches by "Sir Foulk Greville, Chancellor of Exchequer," are given in Proceedings and Debates, &c. i. 106 and 192, a. o. And on Feb. 14 and March 19, “Sir Foulk Grevill, Chancellor of the Exchequer " (the italicised words not in the second place) and others carried messages to the Peers. Cf. Lords' Journ. vol. iii. p. 17, 51. This, I think, will suffice. The question has to be answered now, which is the true date of his promotion? On Nov. 20, 1621, we know from the Journals of the House of Lords, iii. p. 162, he was introduced there. And in the Journ. of the Com., Nov. 14, we have the following entry: *He was called by writ to the House of Lords about the time of the elections. Cf. Com. Journ. Feb. 7 and 8, and Proceedings and Debates of the Parliament of 1620-1, i. p. 21, 26. He is mentioned in the Journal of the Lords as having had his proxy entered (iii. p. 4), and on March 8 as having got leave of absence. |