Table showing the proportion (in decimals) of prairie and timber in each township in the Dubuque district. Range 1 W. R. 2 W. R.3 W. of R. 4 W. R. 5 W. R. 6 W. R. 7 W. R. 8 W. of 5th mer. of 5th m. 5th m. of 5th m. of 5th m. of 5th m. of 5th R. 1 E. R. 2 E. R. 3 E. in. of 5th m. of 5th m. of 5th m. of 5th R. 4 E. R. 5 E. R. 6 E. R. 7 E. of 5th m. 83 .90 10.75 .25 91 .97 .03 .97 .03 .65 .35 75 .90.10 75.25 .99 .01 52.48 .66 .34 90.10 .85.15 .33 .67 .80 20 .92 .08 75 25 .99 .01 .99 .01 .25.75 .55 .45 .94 .06 .86 .14 .90.10 .90 .10 .90 .10 .67 .33] .96 .04 .92 .08 .91 .09 .98 .02 .88 .12 .50 1.00 9.624.389.286.72 10.257.75 10.397.619.663.34 5.93 2.074.40 .601.99 .018.205.809.76 3.247.984.02 8.452.55 5.103.90 3.682.321.88| Total, 106.57 prairie, 56.43 timber; equal to two-thirds prairie and one-third timber. 2.12 NOTE. All tracts of land covered with a small growth of oak, standing from ten to twenty feet apart, (called, in the west, "oak openings,") have been set down in the foregoing table as timber; and at least two-thirds of all the timbered country is of this description. Township.J Prairie. Township. Prairie. Timber. Township. Prairie. Table showing the proportion (in decimals) of prairie and timber in each township in the Mineral Point land district. Township. Prairie. Timber. Township. Prairie. Township. Prairie. Timber. 114 T'nship. Prairie. Timber. Prairie. Timber. Prairie. Timber. Prairie. Timber. Prairie. Timber. Prairie. Timber. Prairie. Timber. Prairie. Tim'r. Total 39. 48 prairie, and 67.52 timber; equal to about three-eighths prairie and five-eighths timber. NOTE.-All tracts of land covered with a small growth of oak, standing from ten to twenty feet apart, called in the west "oak openings," have been set down in the foregoing table as timber; and at least three-fourths, if not four-fifths, of all the timbered country is of this description. No. V. REPORT OF JOHN LOCKE, M. D. To David Dale Owen, M. D., principal agent to explore the mineral lands of the United States. SIR: Having, at your complimentary solicitation, been appointed your assistant in the late survey of the mineral lands of the United States, and having been charged by you with those duties most agreeable to my former pursuits, viz: the physical department, including, especially, the barometrical observations, the measured altitudes, and the geological sections, it is with peculiar pleasure that I submit to you the following REPORT: The subjects to which my attention was chiefly directed, and which will mark the heads or divisions of this report, are as follow: 1. A comparison between the rocks of the lead or mineral region, and those of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky, called the "cliff limestone," showing their probable identity. 2. Several sections of strata (the height and thickness being determined by the barometer) with drawings. 3. The altitudes of table-lands, hills, mounds, and mountains, determined by barometrical observations, with a chart. 4. The result of numerous observations and calculations on the elements of terrestrial magnetism, including the dip, declination, and force or inten sity, of the magnetic needle at several places between Cincinnati and the region surveyed, and in that region itself, accompanied by two charts; together with some remarks on the practical uses of these elements of magnetism. 5. Surveys of a few of the earthwork antiquities of Wiskonson, with drawings. 6. Some observations on the climate and meteorology of the Upper Mississippi. 7. Acknowledgments and concluding remarks. 1. THE LIMESTONE CONTAINING THE LEAD ORE OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI, COMPARED WITH OTHER ROCKS, AND ESPECIALLY WITH THE “ CLIFF LIMESTONE" OF OHIO. From the examinations which we have lately made, I am of opinion that the limestone containing the chief deposites of the lead in lowa, Wiskonsin, and Illinois, is a part of a stratum of great extent in our own country, and, possibly, is geologically identical with rocks found in other conti nents. The following appear to me to be some of the synonymes by which our own geological writers have intended to designate this stratum: "Galeniferous limestone," Featherstonhaugh. "Magnesian limestone," Keating and Shepherd. This last name I intended, in my report on the geology of Ohio, to be merely a provisional one, like the numerical distinctions used by Professor Rogers: it was adopted from the inhabitants on the Miami, above Dayton, in Ohio. In Major Long's "Expedition to the Source of the St. Peter's," in 1823, there is a very interesting article on this rock by Mr. Keating. These observations were descriptive of the geological formation on the "Wassamon,” ten or twelve miles northeast of the present town of Galena. The external characters there sketched by him apply very generally to this formation; they are, in substance, briefly as follows: Horizontally stratified structure, crystalline, sandy, or gravelly; cellular, cells sometimes filled with crystallized carbonate of lime, contains much white hornstone, (flint or chert,) often in flattened nodules, lying in horizontal strata; organic remains rather uncommon, consisting of terebratulites, encrinites, and madriporites, (Linn.) These characters, it is remarked by Mr. Keating, are similar to those of the carboniferous or mountain limestone of Messrs. Conybeare and Phillips, or the metalliferous limestone of other geologists; similar, also, to zechstein and rauchwacke of Thuringen, described by Mr. Friesleben. But Mr. Keating is not of opinion that the limestone of the "Wassamon" is identical with those foreign rocks, for he believes it to be "of a much later formation," and "to be connected with an oõlite observed between Prairie du Chien and St. Anthony." The oölitic limestone, at and above Prairie du Chien, is not a real oõlite; and we found it to be older than, and below, the cliff stone of the "Wassamon." Mr. Keating seems to have taken the impression that the rocks of Wiskonsin are above the coal formation, and reasons accordingly. He observes, (page 197 :) "It is probably connected, as we have already intimated, with the limestone situated above the coal-fields of Wheeling and Zanesville; it extends over those parts of Ohio and Indiana where salt has been found." Our investigations, you know, have led us to an opposite conclusion, viz: that the rocks of the lead region are below the coal. Mr. Keating seems to have been aware that his conclusions, drawn from so rapid and so slight an examination, might not be correct, as appears by the following remark: "Let it be remembered that we only offer this as a suggestion to the future investigator of our western limestone, in order that he may turn his attention to the subject with more favorable opportunities for observation than those afforded us by a transient visit through the country." The following conclusion of Mr. Keating does credit to the science of geology in general, and to the author in particular: "If, as Mr. Friesleben has described it, the zechstein presents specks of galena or sulphuret of lead; if, as Mr. Conybeare states, the galena is seen occurring in strings in the magnesian limestone of Nottingham and Durham; if it has occasionally been found in the conglomerate beds associated with this formation, especially near Mendip hills, in England; if it contains veins of sulphate of barytes at the Huddlestone quarry, near Sherburne, between Ferrybridge and York; if it is traversed by veins of sulphate of barytes, near Nottingham and Bramham moor, &c.—may it not then be asked, whether these considerations do not render it probable that the great lead deposite in the west |