ut Kuster has demonstrated that they express action mired with passion. And here I should notice the fact, that Kuster is wholly silent about the passage of Macrobius, which must have been well known to him. The passages from the Etym. and Macrob. are quite decisive against the hypothesis of Wolle, "pérwy denominationem a positione petiisse Grammaticos.” His words are these : 6 Esse in Gr. literis quoddam genus verborum, quæ antiqui Græci Artis Grammaticæ doctores uera s. xoiva, Latini vero Media s. Communia dixerunt, res est adeo clara, testata ac pervulgata, ut non amplius in lite vertatur. Th. Gaza et Petr. Ramus, ut alios tacitus præteream, his, qui plura desiderant, facient satis. Ratio appellationis ejusmodi est, ut a positione petita esse videatur. Hoc etenim sensu tò mérov in Græco adhibetur sernione, id, quod in medio ponitur loco, designet. Sic Aristot. nomen medii termini in syllogismis usitati enodaturus, hanc accuratam, a paucis licet intellectam, illius reddit rationem, Kadã de pérov uży, ο και αυτό εν άλλω, και άλλο έν τούτω έστιν, και τη θέσει γίνεται uérov, Voco autem medium, quod et ipsum in alio, et aliud in ipso est, quod et positione medium, Prior. Anal. i, 2. p. 195. Oporin. Id sibi vult Philosophus, terminum medium ideo dici medium, quod intra genus ad speciem medium occupet locum. Viri mentem acuti, quam obscurius declaratam, in Alexandri M. conclavi haud dubie clarius proposuit, operæ pretium erit evidentissime interpretari. Exempli loco hæc mihi sit propositio, Omnis stultus est pertinax. In hac, terminum stultus uérov s. Medium esse, hæc ipsa declarabit collocatio, ad ratiocinandi artem accommodata : Genera Ens Homo Oppositum Sapiens Avarus Honoris studiosus. Ex hae tabula quivis, etiam me tacente, solo oculo duce, perspicit, terminum stultus in medio positum esse loco. Non ergo terminus uéros inde dicitur, quod medium concludendi sit, quæ umbratilium quondam doctorum erat opinio; verum a sola Oéoe vera nominis causa ducitur, si quidem Stagiritam audias. Cumque adeo medius terminus intra genera et species loco collocetur medio, non potest ille non propinqua hæc contingere cognatione. Circumspectis nimirum omnibus, hæc inde consectaria ducere licebit: E. omnis stultus est homo, item, animal, ens, res creata; sed homo est genus proximum. E. o. stultus affectibus est deditus. E. o. stultus est vel avarus, vel voluptati serviens, vel honoris auceps. E. quidam avarus, et reliqua, est stultus. Oppositum vero, quod modo, ut conclusiones augerem, adjeci, negantem efficit consecutionem : E. nullus sapiens est affectibus deditus. Verum nihil attinet plures connectere ratiocinationes, cum philosophi sententia luce jam splendeat clarissima. His jactis fundamentis, in proclivi erit ostendere, verborum ubowy S. Xoivő, Mediorum atque Communium, denominationem a positione petiisse Grammaticos. Res evadet clarior hoc usuro ordine : Activum Passivum. Omnia verba, quæ re quidem vera media sunt, cum activis et passivis, si temporum jam excitatorum terminationem consideres, nullo non tempore convenire debent. Sunt, quæ cum activis, sunt etiam, quæ cum passivis communia habent tempora, inque his adeo medium tenent locum." P. 281. The passages from the Etym. and Macrob., while they destroy the hypothesis of Wolle, are equally decisive against the opinion of Kuster, who, at the beginning of the first section, says :“ Verba Media ap. Græcos sic appellata sunt, non tam quod terminationem partim activam, partim passivam habeant; neque quod interdum active, et interdum passive significent; quæ est communis Grammaticorum opinio, vel potius error; sed quod actionem cum passione mixtam denotent, et sic inter verba activa et passiva revera medie se habeant, et utrique formæ ita affinia sunt, ut tamen ab utroque discrepent.” But in no passage, which I have read, is the term uéra applied, as Kuster thinks, to verbs denoting action mixed with passion. Eustath., Etym, and Macrob. II. cc. understand by néon, not verbs denoting action mixed with passion, not a termination partly active, and partly passive, but verbs signifying sometimes mere action, and sometimes mere passion; and, in so understanding the term, they did not, as Kuster imagines, altogether err. The Greeks, as we have seen, called verbs expressive of action mired with passion, by a term very different from péra, viz. årtoπεπονθότα. Here I will take the opportunity of pointing out an apparent misconception of H. Steph. Thes. G. L. ii. 889.:: “ Sed et verbum quod nec activum est, nec passivum, sed velut medium inter utrumque, μέσον, itidemque ejus χρόνους νοcant μέσους, Tempora media, ut uéros rapaxelusvos, et péros áópictos, etc. : Eustath. in quendam locum Od. Σ. Και είκός το ούλομένη και ενεργητικώς και παθητικώς λέγεσθαι, διά το χρόνου είναι μέσου αόριστου δευτέρου οι δε μέσοι επαμφοτερίζουσιν ως επί πολύ τη ερμηνεία.” Η. Steph's defnition of the middle verb by no means corresponds to the passage, which he has adduced to support it. I have above asserted, that no passage has yet been discovered, which proves the truth of Kuster's definition, that middle verbs were so called among the Greeks, because they denote action mixed with passion, “et sic inter verba activa et passiva revera medie se habent, et utrique formæ ita affinia sunt, ut tamen ab utraque discrepent;" and I now assert, that H. Steph.'s definition is equally unsupported by the usage of the ancient grammarians. In their writings, as I have sufficiently shown, the verb called uéroy is not "quod nec activum est, nec passivum, sed velut medium inter utrumque,” but it denotes merely such verbs, as have sometimes an active, and sometimes a passive signification. In the very passage which H. Steph. adduces from Eustath., the word is indisputably so used, Και είκός το ούλομένη και ενεργητικώς και παθητικώς λέγεσθαι. EDMUND HENRY BARKER. Thetford, July, 1818. CAMBRIDGE TRIPOS, On BEDDOES's Factitious Air applied to the Case of Consumptions. Αύραι ηδύπνοοι καμάτου ανάπαυσιν έχουσαι.--ORPH. Et vitæ spes infractas. Teterrima Divom, Protinus, et causæ quæ sint, atque omina tabis Semina jam vero tarda genitalia pestis Crediderim membris innasci primitus ipsis. Robustis etenim pubes quæ stirpibus olim Orta viget, cervice brevi, lateque toroso Pectore luxuriaus, hyberni flaminis amplo Stringorem pulmone pati, serosque vapores Impune, aut vigiles pernox excudere curas. Tabifico contra macilenta e sanguine proles Spicula brumas violenta, et vesperis umbras, Faucibus ad vivum penitus persentit anhelis; Excubias pallet studiorum, et tædia curæ ; Invalidoque graves detrectat corpore nisus. Scilicet his fragilem poteris dignoscere puben Indiciis. Procera imbelles explicat artus, Et gracilis species. Spatiis adstringit iniquis Compages angusta sinum: brevis inde fatiscit Spiritus, atque arctas quassat luctamine costas. Egregia effulget vultu florente venustas; Vivatis gena læta rosis, atque humida labra Translucent; vitreis dentes candoribus albent Perspicui; nigrat collo plerumque tenello Cæsaries effusa, atque ampli splendor ocelli Liquidus ; et blandam prodit languoribu' mentem. Talis, ad ingentem porrectus Amazona, segnis Incola Peruviæ, vacua securus in umbra Torpet, et innocuum carpit per sæcla veternum. Continuo simul ac maturæ ver breve vitæ Umbrarit juveni malas, mollisque puellæ Solverit eluctans gremium : fervescit avita Contages; durique urguent patrimonia morbi. Siquando in teneros hyemis penetrabile flabrum Persidat, vellatque, sinus ; seu vespere multo Frigidus Autumni insinuet vapor, inque gravescat Humida pestilitas ; violatur volnere pulmo Lubricus ; et lacerum tussis quatit improba pectus. Pubertate ferox juvenis, viridique juventa, Egregiusque aniini (tali quippe invida pestis Præcipuas struit insidias, damnatque tenebris) Labitur oblitus studiorum, gloria turbæ Illud præterea Phthisis ærumnabile, dirumque Ecce puellares inter pulcherrima catus Qualis ubi placido delabens agmine flumen, Mordet aquis ripam; tenerumque in cespite florem, Quem pascit, sensim taciturna subruit unda. Irriguis viget ille comis: mox caule ruenti Marcet forma fugax; et surdo volvitur amne. Nunc age, crudelis morbi medicina docebo Quæ sit; et inventas sacrabo versibus artes. Principio liquidi circumflua cærula cæli Altera vitalis pars dicitur aëris, altrix |