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broached many years ago in the columns of one of your contemporaries; and I remember copying, at the time, a rather striking epitaph, which was

NOTES:-Old English Epitaphs, 281-William Cunningham, adduced in support of the writer's opinion. It is,

Bishop of Argyll, 1539-1556, 282-Shakspeariana, 284"Heard"-Topographical, 285-Railways and the PressCurious Names "Rushing" - Step-mother-Illustrious Strangers-" Canalising"-St. Matthew v. 12-To be in a Fox's Sleep-Parallel Passages, 286.

-

QUERIES:-Forms of Prayer on Martyrdom of Charles I., and on Restoration of Charles II.-Petrus Filius RogeriFairfax: Barwick: Phipps-The Andrews Sale-"The Seven Champions," 287-Sneyd, Adderley, and Noel Families-"Civiers"-Dr. Homer's "Bibliotheca Universalis Americana "-"Nunc mei, mox hujus," &c.-Chantries in Suffolk-J. P. Cory-An Epigram-Grave of Sir Thomas More, 288-Old Ballads-William Crashaw-S. T. Coleridge's "Lay Sermon "-James Bigge-Heraldic: Esme or Esmey Family-Leases-Richard Kingston, the AuthorVanozza Catanei-The History of Signboards of Inns and Hostelries in Germany-"Robrugam "- Edward VI.-Old Bible, 289.

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REPLIES:-Mediaval and Modern Greek and Latin Verse, 259-The British Museum, 290-" Ite missa est"-De Cogan, 291-The House of Loreto, 292-The Table and the People"Champion," 293-Curious Christian Names, 294-"Furmety" or "Frumenty "-Musical Revenge: Hudibras," 295-Queen Mary's Poem-Rabbi Jagel-Mrs. Pritchard's Descendants-Bishop O'Brien-Carrique Family, 296-Bell Literature-Pillions-"Locksley Hall," 297-Swift-"Cayenne" or "Kyan"?-Construction of a Right Angle-"And when with envy": John Gilbert Cooper, 298. Notes on Books, &c.

Notes.

OLD ENGLISH EPITAPHS.

A collection of old metrical epitaphs, copied actually from the monuments themselves whenever possible, would be a valuable contribution to our literary antiquities, and is surely an undertaking well worth the attention of the printing societies. I am of course aware that there are several collections of epitaphs in existence, but I know of none that are not disfigured by the admission of a large proportion of rubbish, and none in which there is any pretension to accuracy. A good scholarly selection, dating from the earliest specimens and coming down to, say, the Restoration, would interest several classes of inquirers. The earlier inscriptions often possess a philological value in the preservation of dialectical peculiarities, and the later ones, particularly those of the Elizabethan period, are generally worth preserving for their own sake, as well as from the historical or biographical interest which often attaches to them. We know that some, at least, of the men of letters of this time drove quite a trade in epitaph-making, and it is not, therefore, altogether an improbable suggestion that this neglected field, properly examined, may yield treasure-trove of the great poets and dramatists. A theory of this kind was

or was, in the church of Elmset, in Suffolk:

"Here lyeth the Body of Edward Sherland of Grayes Inn, Esquire, descended from the ancient family of the Sherlands in the Isle of Sheppy in Kent, who lived his whole life a single man and dyed in this parish the 13th of May, 1609.

"Toombes have noe vse, vnlesse it be to showe

The due respecte which friend to friend doth owe.
'Tis not a mausolean monument

Or hireling epitaph that can prevent
The flux of fame: a painted sepulcher
Is but a rotten trustlesse Treasurer,
A fair gate built to oblivion.

But he whose life, whose everie action,

Like well-wrought stones and pyramides erecte
A monument to honor and respecte

As this man did, he needs no other herse,

Yet hath but due, having both tombe and verse." The rough and vigorous imagery of these lines reminds one of some of Ben Jonson's lapidary effusions. At any rate, it may be accepted as a good specimen of what may be called the professional epitaph, in contradistinction to the less ambitious and more homely effort of less practised hands, members of the family, perhaps, or personal friends of the deceased. It is worth noting, that upon the monument of another member of the Sherland family,-Lady Mary Salter, wife of Sir William Salter, 66 one of her Majesty's cupbearers," and daughter of Thomas Sherland, of Suffolk, who is buried in Iver Church, Buckinghamshire (1613), -there is an inscription which may have been written by the same hand :

"Here the earthly mansion of a heavenly mind,
A worthy matron's mortall part, is shrin'd.
More might be said, if any tombe or stone
Were large enough for her inscription.
But words are bootles: more elegies hurl'd
Upon her hearse are vaine, for to the world
Like a vain glorious gamster, 'twould but boast
Not what it now hath, but what it has lost,
And making her lyfe knowne, would cause my fear
'Twas greater than vertue's strength would beare."
I quote from Brydges's Topographer, vol. ii. p. 75.
Was there not some connexion between the Sher-
lands and the Herberts?

The number of poetical epitaphs in the reigns of Elizabeth and James is something quite phenomenal, and has never, I think, been sufficiently considered in the study of our national life. It was not uncommon to have two distinct sets of verses upon one tomb. Upon the monument of Lady Boys, in Nonington Church, there are no less than six little poems, three of which are signed with different initials.

Ben Jonson, we know, was a great maker of epitaphs. He is the writer of some of the finest in the language, and also of some of the very worst. A curious instance of his practice in this way occurs

in the second Report of the Historical Manuscripts regnal year only began on June 11, 1506. Though Commission. A letter is there printed from Jonson he was then under his father's tutory, the Master to "My right worthy friend Mr. Geo. Garrard," was certainly not a child, and may, therefore, enclosing an epitaph of fourteen lines upon 'Sell have easily been the father of a younger son, born Boulstred, which seems to have been composed in 1513; it is, however, rather confusing that while Mr. Garrard's man, who had brought the Earl William is said to have had no issue by his order, waited. The amount of the honorarium is first marriage with Catherine, the second daughter not mentioned, but the inventory of Mistress of William, Lord Borthwick (Douglas's Peerage of Boulstred's perfections must have been cheap at Scotland, by Wood, fol. 1813, vol. i. p. 635), but any price: to have had five sons, all the offspring of his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Campbell, of West Loudoun. But Douglas is not always quite trustworthy in his pedigrees, and the matrimonial bonds of the Scottish nobles were

"Stay, view this stone, and if thou beest not such, Read here a little that thou may'st know much; It covers first a Virgin, and then one

That durst be that in Court, a virtu alone

To fill an Epitaph. But she had more,

She might have claym'd t' have made the graces four, notoriously loose and uncertain at "the dawn of the
Taught Pallas language, Cynthia modesty;
As fit to have increas'd the harmony

Of spheares, as light of Starres: she was earth's Eye,
The sole religious House and votary,
With rites not bound, but conscience.

all?

Would'st thou

Reformation," and indeed throughout the sixteenth century. Master William Cunningham was, therefore, in all probability, a younger, if not the fifth, Earl of Glencairn, and is styled "ex nobili et potenti son of William, the fourth (or, more correctly, third) familia ortum" in his postulation to the vacant See of Argyll, by King James V., February 1, 1539, in the document previously quoted by me Well might Jonson say in his address to (Theiner. Vet. Monum., p. 608, Carte Cervine Selden :

She was 'Sell Boulstred. In which name I call
Up so much truth as could I it pursue
Might make the fable of Good Women true."

"I have too oft preferr'd Men past their termes; and prais'd some names too much." C. ELLIOT BROWNE.

WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, BISHOP OF ARGYLL,

1539-1556.

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Filza xxiv. fol. 42, in Tabular. Florentinis "). He was then twenty-six years of age, and, having been educated for the Church, had been preferred to the Provostry of the Collegiate Church and Hospital of the Holy Trinity, at Edinburgh, towards the close of 1532, on the vacancy caused by the death of Sir John Dingwall, between July 27 and November 16 in that year; and he resigned his deanery on promotion to the See of Argyll, in February, 1539, according to the following notice in the Privy Seal Register :

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Presentatio Thome Erskin super prepositura Ecclesie Sancte Trinitatis prope burgum de Edinburgh, nunc vacante, aut quo tempore vacare contigerit per resignationem, cessionem, aut dimissionem Magistri Willelmi Cunynghame, nunc prepositi et possessoris eiusdem, ad presentationem Domini Regis, et collationem Archiepiscopi Sancti Andree spectantem, etc. Apud Linlithgow, xvij Februarii Anno Domini 1vXXXVIII. Per Signaturam."-Reg. Secr. Sig., vol. xiii. fol. 56 b.

In the registers of the University of St. An

In a former article of mine on the Conyngham family ("N. & Q.," 5th S. i. 329, 330), I stated that this prelate could not have been the youngest son of William, Earl of Glencairn, as the latter is recorded as "Willelmi Conigham filii et heredis Cuthberti comitis de Glencarne, existentis sub tutoria dicti Cuthberti patris sui, ac domini feodi terrarum et baronie de Glencarne," at Glasgow, Feb. 1, 1507 (Liber Protocollorum M. Cuthberti Simonis, A.D. 1499-1513, Grampian Club edit., vol. ii. p. 154); but I have since found reason to modify this opinion, as this William was designated a knight in July, 1509, and his wife Cathe-drews we find the name Willelmus Cunyngham, rine Borthwick is also there mentioned (Reg. Mag. Prepositus Sancte Trinitatis prope Edinburgh, Sigil., vol. xv. p. 186). He was then "Master of Britan.," as being matriculated there in the year Kilmaurs," and succeeded his father in the earl- 1532. This might be any time between Novemdom after January, 1532, and before December, ber and the 25th of March following, when the 1544, dying in 1547; and is also mentioned in year 1533 then commenced (Charters of the ColJune, 1498, as succeeding to the lands and baronies legiate Church of Mid-Lothian, Bannatyne Club of Kilmaurs, &c., in Ayrshire, on the resignation edit., 1861, pp. xxvi, xxvii, cvii, cviii). This of them by his father (Ibid., xiii. 308). It is, ecclesiastic would then have been about twenty therefore, pretty evident that he was a married years of age, as shown above. In a deed of Wilman before 1507—not 1506, as erroneously stated liam, Earl of Glencairn, dated May, 1538, his in the above Protocol Book (vol. ii. p. 358, " Ab-name occurs as a witness, “William Cunningstracts"), and rather unaccountably, for in the original Latin document it is expressly recorded that this "instrument" was dated " primo mensis Februarii, regni Jacobo quarti anno XIX°," which

hame, Provost of the Trinite College, besyd Edinburgh"; and again, in another deed, "Pro Jacobo Naper et Mariota Quhite sua sponsa," in February, 1538-9, he is styled "Venerabilis vir

Willelmus Cunninghame, prepositus Ecclesie Collegiate Sancte Trinitatis prope Edinburgh" (Canongate Protocol Book). As there is every reason to believe that Provost Cunyngham was promoted to the Bishopric of Argyll early in 1539, after upwards of six years' tenure of the provostry, this will account for his resignation of the dignity at that time, when Thomas Erskine became his successor. King James V., by the following letter under the Privy Seal, conferred on the Bishop of Argyll a very extensive right of presentation to vacant benefices in his diocese :

"Ane letter to WILLIAM BISCHOP OF ERGYLE, gevand and committand to him power to mak, direct, and gif vnder his awne sele and subscriptioun manuale letters of presentatioun of all benefices pertenying to our Souerane Lordis presentatioun within the diocy of Ergile, quhat time and als oft as it sall happin the sammyn to vaik, als lang as he beis Bischop of Ergile, and to gif collatioun and prouisioun thairupon without ony vther presentatioun of our Soueraine Lord or his successsouris, &c. At Edinburgh, the xv day of Februare, the zeir forsaid," 1539-40.-Reg. Secr. Sig., vol. xiii. fol. 56 b.

At the Provincial Council of the Church of Scotland, which was held at Edinburgh in November, 1549, among the bishops present was "Willelmus electus Lismorensis confirmatus" (Wilkins's Concilia, iv. pp. 46-60). This might seem as if Cunningham had only recently, owing either to want of interest at the Roman Curia, or some other contending claim, obtained his confirmation to the see, nearly ten years after nomination. The date of his consecration has not hitherto been ascertained. While Bishop of Argyll he obtained,

under the Privy Seal

"A letter maid to William, Bishop of Ergile, his airs and assignais, off the gift of non-entrees, males, fermes, profittis, and dewiteis of all and sindrie, the landis and baronyes of Kilmawris, Stewinstoun, Ramferly, Fyndlaystoun, &c., in our Soveranis handis, or his grace's predecessouris or superiouris, be resson of non-entrees sen the deceis of umquhill Robert, Erle of Glencairne, Cuthbert or William, Erlis of Glencarne, or ony of thame, 24th April, 1550."-Reg. Secr. Sig., vol. xxiii.

fol. 76.

He was still Bishop of Argyll in January, 1555, and probably for three years subsequently; but, whether in consequence of death or resignation, his successor being there in the year 1558, is uncertain. It may have been that this was effected by an arrangement which secured "to Mr. William Cunningham" the pension of the Subdeanery of Glasgow (Makkison's MS., penes D. Laing), as the new bishop, James Hamilton (an illegitimate son of James, first Earl of Arran, and brother of the Duke of Chatelherault), Subdean of Glasgow, and Archbishop-elect of that see in July, 1547 (being postulated by his brother, then Regent of Scotland, though not confirmed at Rome), was certainly made Bishop of Argyll during that year, though other authorities place his appointment in 1556 (Origines Parochiales Scotia, vol. ii. part i. p. 24). Whether he ever received episcopal consecration is

doubtful; but he adopted the change of religion, sitting in the "Convention" of August, 1560, as Bishop of Argyll, and also held his subdeanery in commendam with the see until his death, January 6, 1579/80, at the parsonage of Monkland, which formed the prebend of the Subdean of Glasgow Cathedral. Keith's account of the bishops of Argyll is very confused and inaccurate during this period, and from the commencement of the sixteenth century. John, "episcopus Lismoren.," is recorded by him in 1499, having succeeded after 1495 (Reg. Chart., B. 14). David Hamilton, "miseracione diuina, Lesmorensis epis.," appears January 20, 1504, in an instrument among the protocols of the diocese of Glasgow (Liber Protocollorum Diocesis Glasguensis, Grampian Club edit., ii. p. 46), and was still in possession of the see, Feb. 8, 1522, being an illegitimate son of James, first Lord Hamilton (who died in 1479); was commendatory Abbot of Dryburgh in December, 1522, nominated after May, 1518, on death of James Ogilvie, and resigned before December, 1523 (Liber S. Marie monstratensis de Dryburgh, Bannat. Club edit., de Dryburgh, Registrum Cartarum Abbacie Pre1847, pp. xxi, xxii); he also held the Abbacy of and obtained from the Crown in 1507 the annexation Glenluce (Vallis Lucis. Ord. Cister.) in Galloway, of the Abbey of Sadagul, in Cantyre, to the See of in 1525, in which year is found at St. Andrews Argyll, in perpetuity. The see of Argyll was vacant University, among the students "in Pedagogio," the name of "Magister Robertus Montgomery postulatus de Argyll," and he appears as Episcopus Lismorensis" in a decreet-arbitral of May 2, 1530 (Memorials of the Montgomeries, vol. ii. p. 110). He is also styled Bishop of Argyll in a deed of 1530-1 (Reg. Chart.). Bishop Montgomery was sixth and youngest son of Hugh, third Lord Montgomery, and first Earl of Eglinton (who died in June, 1545, aged eighty-four), and held the Rectory of Kirkmichael, in Carrick, Ayrshire, before promotion to the episcopate. He is mentioned, "as elect and confirmed," in February, 1531 (Regist. Episcopat. Glasguen., p. 542, Maitland Club edit., 4to., 1843). Instead of surviving till 1557 or 1558, according to Keith (Catalogue, p. 289), he was dead, or had vacated his see, before February, 1539, and was certainly deceased before July 9, 1543, when letters of legitimation were granted to Michael, Robert, and Hugh Montgomery, "filiis_naturalibus quondam reverendi in Christo patris Roberti Ergadie Episcopi" (Mem. of the Montgomeries, ii. 128). Keith also mentions that "he had a natural son, called Robert, who was legitimated under the title of 'bastardi filii Roberti Ergadiæ episcopi,' anno 1553" (Privy Seal?), which may be a mistake for 1543. Dr. Grub, in his excellent Ecclesiastical History of Scotland (vol. ii. p. 31), appears to have had difficulties regarding Bishop William Cunninghame of

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