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THE LONGEVITY OF MAN: ITS FACTS AND ITS FICTIONS. Including an Inquiry into some of the more Remarkable By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A., "Mr. Thoms was admirably qualified to perform the task which he has undertaken, and he has performed it with signal Switzerland, with Maps, Town Plans, &c. 38. 6d. success....... His remarks upon the evidence which is generally adduced to prove the extreme age of individuals are perspicuous and sound......This portion of the work is carefully executed, and will have interest to those whose vocation calls them to deal with evidence.......No one but Sir George C. Lewis could have Switzerland.-Pedestrian's Route Book for undertaken such a work with such advantages, and even he could not have produced a more practical and intelligent book." Law Magazine and Review, July, 1873. Do., CHAMOUNI, and the ITALIAN LAKES, with numerous Pass, Road, and Local Maps, &c.: Hotel and Pension Guide, including the best centres for Excursions. 58. "The book is full of interest, and has considerable scientific The Tyrol, or Notes for Travellers in the value. Many of the comments on evidence will apply not merely to questions of centenarianism, but to others of a scarcely less important character."-Scotsman. "Mr. Thoms might be open to a charge of partiality were his book anything more than a most entertaining and valuable account of his own personal researches into the credibility of alleged cases of centenarianism. As such it must be understood; and he is entitled to all praise and gratitude for his courageous demeanour in scotching a whole series of lies." Athenæum. "In the interesting volume before us, Mr. Thoms examines the nature of the evidence commonly relied upon in support of alleged centenarianism, points out the defects to which it is liable, and the tests to which it should be submitted. It is very likely that his readers will think him a little too incredulous; but scepticism on the subject he has taken in hand is a fault on the right side, and his method of investigation leaves little to be desired. The inquiry he prosecutes, it is true, is curious rather than important. But he has illustrated his mode of procedure, and embodied the results in a book which is at once amusing and suggestive."-Pall Mall Gazette. "We do not know that Mr. Thoms's labour can lead to any very tangible result, but the inquiry has a certain interest of its own, and it has never been more thoroughly or scientifically treated than in the present volume."-Globe. "Mr. Thoms's painstaking researches into alleged cases of centenarianism form an interesting volume, in which some are completely disproved, others shown to be doubtful, and a few of them established. 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London: W. J. ADAMS, 59, Fleet Street, E.C. LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1875. CONTENTS. - N° 88. verse; and a line in Hen. V., Act iv. sc. 3, 1. 33, has somewhat the run of this Tempest line, "I would not lose so great an honour For the best hope I have. | O do not wish one more," NOTES:-Shakspeariana, 181-" The Vulture and the Hus--though both lines can be scanned as six-measure bandman," 183-Folk-Lore-Derozario's "Reg. of Monu- ones. For one representative of a dactyl in the mental Inscriptions," 184-Theatricals in the Country-first line, see Tempest, i. 2, 109:— Wesleyan Reverends, 185-A Feat in Swimming-Early Precocity-Edial Hall, 186. QUERIES:-Scale of Precedence-Crown Lands-"Budget' Erimacausis-Geology-Judge Fell, 1658-Family of Malherbe, 187-Lord Greville, M.P. for Warwick-The Countess "Absolute | Milan | [pause] Me, | poor man, | my library." F. J. FURNIVALL. "THE TEMPEST," iv. 1.—In a play, by the Earl of Castlemaine-Ingoldsthorpe of Burgh Green-Sir Robert of Sterline, entitled Darius, first printed in 1603, in act iii., these lines occur : Chambers's Sanscrit MSS.-De Cogan-Notre Dame-The bishop of Rheims-"Garrt Ladir a Boo"-The Poet Laureate Notes. SHAKSPEARIANA. "TEMPEST," iii. 1, 15:— "But these sweet thoughts, doe euen refresh my labours, "Most busy lést when I doe it." "Let greatness of her glassy sceptres vaunt, Not sceptres, no, but reeds, soon bruis'd, soon broken, Those stately courts, those sky-encount'ring walls, Shakspeare, in that celebrated passage in the In Malone's chronology of Shakspeare's plays, 1612 is assigned as the probable year in which the Tempest was written (and a plausible reason is given for the conjecture), and if that date be correct, then, writes Malone, " Shakspeare, I imagine, borrowed from Lord Sterline." The Tempest was not printed till 1623. FREDK. RULE. [See "N. & Q." 4th S. xi. 234.] "HAMLET" (5th S. iii. 444.)-His recognition of Horatio and of Marcellus is dignified; but of the one it is cordial, of the other it is courteous. Horatio announces himself the prince's "poor servant ever," which his Highness royally and readily "changes" with him for "my good friend," and inquires_what brought him to Wittenberg. Seeing Marcellus, a notus nomine tantum, he merely utters his name; and cutting short the Quidam's reply-" My good lord "-with "I am very glad to see you; good even, sir," reiterates his question to Horatio. Characteristic as is Hamlet's play upon words it carries a meaning and purpose more significant than the sneer of Marcellus being "good even" as himself. The three idioms of " even," substantive, adjectival, and adverbial, have in the context no reciprocation; "good even, sir," being the prince's civil dismissal of Marcellus, who, though during the rest of the scene he five times joins in the dialogue, obtains no further notice. Mr. Irving's intuitive perception of Hamlet, in "The merciless Macdowell (Worthy to be a rebel, for to that, The multiplying villanies of nature Do swarm upon him)." all his moods, presents, I doubt not, his different And in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife, iii. 2, 9:— consideration of Horatio and of Marcellus. EDMUND LENTHALL SWIFTE. It seems to me clear that Hamlet's "good even, sir," in this passage, is spoken, not to Marcellus, as your correspondent supposes, but to Bernardo, who, it must be borne in mind, is also present on the scene. Hamlet is conversing with Horatio, and interrupts himself to severally greet these two gentlemen: Ham. "And what make you from Wittenberg, Horatio? Marcellus?" "But what, in faith, make you from Wittenberg?" I think the reading as it stands is perfectly intelligible and satisfactory. H. A. KENNEDY. "HAMLET," Act i. sc. 3. In keeping with my former suggested "chief-like" (4th S. x. 516), I now suggest the plural "chiefs" as the true, natural, and grammatical reading, "For the apparel oft proclaims the man; And they in France of the best rank and station Are most select and generous chiefs in that," -the French being now, as then, leaders of the fashions, and the italicized words being strictly grammatical. J. BEALE. "MEASURE FOR MEASURE."-I send you a conjectural emendation of the much-vexed passage in the opening of Shakspeare's Measure for Measure, an emendation which, simple as it is, I do not find to have been proposed before. The passage runs as follows in the folios : "Of government the properties to unfold, Would seem in me to affect speech and discourse, My strength can give you: Then no more remains, I propose merely to transpose the first and third words of the last line but one, thus : "To that, but your sufficiency as your worth is able, And let them work"; which I would interpret,-No more remains besides that, or besides, but your sufficiency (i. e., only that you receive power) as your worth is able (up to the capacity of your merit), and [to] let them (your sufficiency and worth) work. that," in the sense of besides that, occurs Macbeth, i. 2, 6 To "And to that so thick, they cut like marmalet." In German, dazu is used in much the same J. POWER HICKS. sense. A MEDICAL CRITICISM.-· "And thus I cured him; and this way will I take upon me to wash your liver as clean as a sound sheep's heart, that there shall not be one spot of love in it."-As You Like It, iii. 2. Upon this Dr. Bucknill, in his Medical Knowledge of Shakespeare, Lond., 1860, remarks: "In this last passage surely the words heart and liver should be transposed, since the text is evidently an inverdwell in the heart, while, on the other hand, unsound sion of the true meaning. Love is generally said to sheep are not known by the condition of this organ, but by that of the liver, the well-known peculiarity of sheep disease being flakes or hydatids of the liver, which give that organ the spotted appearance to which Rosalind refers.' The critic surely ought to have known from a dozen passages in his Shakspeare that, following the liver as the seat of love. Prior has some lines the example of the ancients, the poet looked upon and the liver in this matter:which define the relationship between the heart "If Cupid throws a single dart, We make him wound the lover's heart; SPERIEND. "2 HEN. VI." Act iv. sc. 2.-Shakspere, in his humourful caricature of Cade-the man who was "right discreet in his answers," Stowe's Annales, p. 644-makes him complain of the evils of wax : "Some say the bee stings: but I say, 'tis the bee's wax; for I did but seal once to a thing, and I was never mine own man since." And it may be of interest to note that in the Demands of the real Cade, "The Captaine of the Commons," on Henry VI., the evils of wax-"the greene waxe," that is, extortionate levies under estreats out of the Court of Exchequer, under seal of the Court-are also complained of: "5. Item, desireth the said Captaine and commons, that all the extortions vsed daily among the common people, might be laid downe, that is to say the greene Ware, the which is falsely vsed, to the perpetuall destruction of the kings true commons of Kent." letters of nobles, which were sealed with wax. These students, it is said, had generally been lured away by the Mendicant Friars, pomis et potu, and thus their studies had been interrupted. Another interpretation of "Wax Doctors" was that they could no more bear examination than the wax could stand fire.] SHAKSPEARE'S ALLUSIONS TO CONTEMPORARY POEMS.-I am not at all sure that the two allusions recorded in this note are all that occur in the "Booke" : 1. Among the pieces rejected by Theseus as unfitted to "beguile the lazie time "The thrice three Muses, mourning for the death of learning, late deceast in beggerie.' - A Midsummer Night's Dream, v. 1. This is supposed to allude to Spenser's Tears of the 2. On the departure of Rosalind attired as a swain, whom she had never seen before, Phoebe exclaims: : opium. But whereas the laudanum of the present period contains nothing but opium dissolved in proof spirit, the different laudanums (for there were many) of the old physicians were sometimes composed of almost as many messes as the antidotum of Mithridates. Ladanum (or labdanum), which we are told the laudanum of Paracelsus was not, is described in Phillips's New World of Words as "a kind of sweet Gumm, taken from the leaves of a certain small shrub, called Cistus Ledon." I believe this possessed no narcotic property whatever. This same Paracelsus (his real name was Philip Hochener), said to have invented laudanum, was he who professed to be able to manufacture fairies (!), but never did it; who publicly burnt the works of Galen and Avicenna at Basil; and who affirmed "that the very down of his bald pate had more knowledge than all their writers, the buckles of his shoes more learning than Galen and Avi"Dead Shepheard, now I find thy saw of might, cenna, and his beard more experience than all their Who ever lov'd, that lov'd not at first sight?" universities"; and who evidently desired it to be Unquestionably the "dead shepheard" is Chris-understood that he had "dealings" with a certain topher Marlowe, who died in 1593, for the second line (containing the saw of might") is quoted from his unfinished version of Museus's Hero and Leander, where we read: "Where both deliberate the love is slight: First Sestyad. Athenæum Club. JABEZ. gentleman who has always enjoyed the reputation of being deeply versed in occult sciences, for he said, "If God would not impart the secrets of physic, it was not only allowable, but even justifiable, to consult the devil" (!). MEDWEIG. "THE VULTURE AND THE HUSBANDMAN." You have accorded space in your earlier series to some of those lighter and sprightlier sallies of our undergraduates at Oxford and Cambridge, which PARACELSUS AND LAUDANUM (5th S. iii. 303.)—are known by the name of facetic; many of these Without presuming to offer any opinion as to whether the land-damn of Shakspeare signifies laudanum, I may say that its possibility would depend on whether the laudanum of that period was a poison. This may be safely answered in the affirmative. DR. CHARNOCK, in his Shakspearian note (p. 303), observes that "the laudanum nostrum of Paracelsus was a different medicine from that of the present day." Indeed it was so ; and it illustrates one of the many remarkable instances of how a name remains whilst the thing itself becomes almost totally altered. The laudanum of Paracelsus was solid,* and the laudanum (probably an imitation of that of Paracelsus) of the first English Pharmacopoeia (1618), as well as of many succeeding ones, was solid; whereas every one knows that the laudanum of modern times is liquid. Still they are alike in one thing,-they both contain * "Having first discovered the qualities of laudanum, this illustrious quack made use of it as an universal remedy, and distributed it in the form of pills, which he carried in the basket-hilt of his sword; the operations he performed were as rapid as they seemed magical."— Dreams at the Dawn of Philosophy. I possess in a printed form, but I see no reason why, if only they sustain the character of their class, any of these that are in circulation as MSS. should not be embalmed in "N. & Q." And although the following verses, I assume, veil a little personal satire upon professors or examiners, yet, as I take it, even were their names now given they would, I am sure, receive the light shaft aimed at them with the smile of good nature and toleration: "THE VULTURE AND THE HUSBANDMAN. As if it had been May, And this was odd, because it was The men were sitting sulkily, Their paper-work was done, The papers they had finished lay |