great power and originality of humour. Of translators from the French Repertoire, the number is considerable; but the most able amongst them are Labanov, Gnieditch, Gendre, Katenine, and Prince Chakhovsky himself. It may be stated, in conclusion, that in literature, the Russians have made more rapid progress within the last fifty years, than in the other branches of knowledge which they, however, cultivate with no small degree of ardour. According to M. Sopikoff, who published an Essay on Russian Bibliography, in five volumes, it appears, that although the art of printing was introduced in Russia one hundred and fifteen years after its invention, and eighty years after its introduction by Caxton in England, not fewer than 80,000 volumes, in the Slavonic Russian languages, have been published between 1551 and 1813; and from the information I obtained at the different booksellers at St. Petersburgh, as well as from an examination of catalogues of works printed since the last mentioned period, that number may be looked upon as having been nearly doubled since. In point of typography, St. Petersburgh has no reason to envy other nations. The printers in that city produce works executed in a much superior style to the Germans, equally as good as the French, and only inferior, as are all other nations, except the Italians, to the English. Periodical literature, including newspapers, cannot be said to have flourished at any period in St. Petersburgh. Some exceptions ought perhaps to be made in favour of the present time, when a few really excellent publications of that kind are conducted with great spirit, and are, I understood, greatly encouraged by the superior and middle classes of society. Although it is not my intention to enumerate the writers who have distinguished themselves in this branch of literature, I cannot omit stating, that M. Greitsch, one of the Imperial Librarians, of whose Russian Grammar I have already made honourable mention, is the editor of one of the most reputed journals published in Russia, and well known in other parts of Europe. M. Boulgarine, his ex-editor, whom I had the pleasure of knowing at St. Petersburgh, is the author of a series of papers in the manner of the Spectator, which have met with the greatest success, and have been since collected in two volumes, handsomely printed, and embellished with some highly finished engravings by Russian artists. This gifted and pleasing writer is now engaged in a work, entitled The Russian Gil Blas, intended to paint the manners and customs of the different classes of society in the capital and the provinces. For the following list of the periodicals now published in St. Petersburgh and at Moscow, I am indebted to Count Laval, who is himself the responsible director of one of the official papers published at the Department for Foreign Affairs, and it may, therefore, be relied upon as correct. It does not, indeed, present such a display of political and literary information as a list published in the British capital would exhibit; but neither is it so totally devoid of interest, or so insignificant, as some recent travellers have pretended. 1. Journal de St. Petersbourgh, Politique et Litteraire, in French; official. Published every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. This paper, written in the purest French, frequently contains articles of great interest on literature, the fine arts, and some judicious remarks on theatricals. 2. The Invalid.—A military journal, in which are inserted all military promotions, as well as the civil preferments of importance. It is published daily in Russian; and the profits arising out of it are given in aid of the funds of the Institution for Invalid Soldiers. 3. Gazette of St. Petersburgh, in Russian, published under the auspices of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, re sembles the Moniteur. It is also published in the German language, and appears twice a week. 4. Gazette of the Senate.-In Russian, once a week; it publishes the Ukases of the Senate. 5. Journal of Commerce.-In Russian and German, three times a week. 6. The Northern Bee.-A literary and political journal, published three times a week. This is the journal edited by Messrs. Greitsch and Boulgarine, as already stated, and is a very interesting and well conducted paper. 7. The Patriot.-In Russian, political and literary, twice a month. 8. Archives of the North.-In Russian, political, historical, and statistical, twice a month. 9. The Slavonian. rary and military. Every fortnight, in Russian, lite 10. National Miscellany, or Remarkable Affairs of Russia. An historical, literary, and statistical journal, in Russian, monthly. 11. Register of Discoveries in Natural History, Physics, and Chemistry. 12. Journal of Manufactures and Commerce, published monthly, under the auspices of Mons. Cancrin, the Minister of Finance; containing an account of all discoveries and observations, laws and regulations, relative to the different branches of national industry. 13. Gazette of Commerce, which appears twice a week, in Russian and German, and contains many important returns and official documents, relative to the internal and external commerce of Russia, of which I have materially availed myself in that part of my work which treats of those subjects. 14. Journal of the Mining Corps. 15. Journal of the Minister of Public Instruction. 16. Journal des Voies et Communications. These three journals often contain very interesting memoirs and official documents on the various branches of public administration in the country. The two first are published in Russian, the latter in Russian and French. They are published monthly. The periodical publications at Moscow are— 1. The Moscow Gazette, in Russian. 2. The Moscow Courier, of which the celebrated poet Pouschkine is one of the editors. 3. The Moscow Telegraph. 4. The Courier of Europe. 5. The Journal of Agriculture. This is a valuable publication, and said to be of the greatest utility to the agricultural classes of society. It appears quarterly. 6. Journal of Physics, monthly. 7. Journal of Fashions. 8. The Racing Calendar. All the Moscow periodicals are written in the Russian language. * Since my return to England, I have been informed, that no sooner had I turned my back upon St. Petersburgh, than an attack upon me appeared in one of the above publications, from the pen of a medical writer. This is much in the old way; we of the genus irritabile medicorum cannot live with each other in peace-each in our own sphere of usefulness; and I am not surprised that the same spirit of rancour obtains near the North Pole, which is so prevalent farther South. I regret that I could not ascertain the ground of the attack; although I learned enough to be able to point my finger to the author of it. If the individual in question has abused me in my capacity of physician, I can heartily forgive him, for all his strictures must be harmless if as a public lecturer on the subject of mummies and embalming, I give him joy for being single-handed in his censure, amid the concurrent testimonies of flattering approbation of my researches which the press of every country, even of Russia,† has conveyed to me. I know, and many others know also, that the individual in question is neither the best nor the warmest admirer of science; and that in affording him an opportunity of seeing, at my public lecture, the most perfect specimens of Egyptian embalming yet known, and of learning, for the first time in his life, the process by which that operation must have been performed in ancient times, was casting, in fact, "pearls before swine." † See Journal de St. Petersbourg, No. 141, for 1827. CHAPTER XI. PICTURE OF ST. PETERSBURGH. - - PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. - Medicines and Medical Supplies. - Principal Physicians and Surgeons in St. Petersburgh. - Alleged deficiency of very distinguished men. - Domestic Physicians. - Police of the Medical Profession. - Easy remedy to extirpate quacks. Regulations respecting pharmaciens. Esprit de Corps of the Medical Profession in St. Petersburgh. — Mode of remunerating Physicians. Papillionage of the higher classes of Society. - Serious complaints against them. New plan for remunerating the Medical Profession. - Imperial distinctions and rewards. The IмPERIAL MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL ACADEMY.-Distribution of Studies. -Medical and other Classes. - The Library. The PEDESTRIÉ, OF General Military Hospital. Clinical Establishments for Medical, Surgical, and Ophthalmological practice. - Deficiencies. — NAVAL HOSPITALS. REGIMENTAL HOSPITALS. HOSPITALS OF THE GUARDS. The Great ARTILLERY HOSPITAL. Russian Surgery. Dr. Arendt. Unusual success in Surgical Operations. The Civil Hospitals. ABOUCHOFF. Physic by the dozen. — LUNATIC ASYLUM. Insane people scarce in St. Petersburgh. - IVANOFF.KALINKIN.-BOGADELNA, and the Centenarians.- Imperial HosPITAL FOR THE POOR.- The Building.- Internal arrangement and distribution of patients. Results. - Philanthropy of the Empressmother."ENFANS TROUVÉS."-MAISON D'ACCOUCHEMENT. Masked Ladies. — Imperial Lying-in Institution. - Vaccination.Dispensary for diseases of the Eyes. - Manufactory of Surgical Instruments. AT the sight of the title of the present chapter some of my readers will be inclined to say, "Oh the Doctor is now |