VII. 158. Let the king consider as hostile to him, the CHAP. power immediately beyond him, and the favourer of that power; as amicable, the power next beyond his 'natural foe; and as neutral, the powers beyond that 'circle: 159. All those powers let him render subservient 'to his interest by mild measures and the other three expedients before mentioned, either separate or ' united, but principally by valour and policy in arms • and negotiation. 6 160. Let him constantly deliberate on the six measures of a military prince, namely, waging war, and making peace or alliance, marching to battle, and sitting encamped, distributing his forces, and seeking the protection of a more powerful monarch: 161. Having considered the posture of affairs, let 'him occasionally apply to it the measure of sitting 'inactive, or of marching to action, of peace, or of war, of dividing his force, or of seeking protection. 162. A king must know, that there are two sorts of alliance and war; two, of remaining encamped, ' and of marching; two, likewise, of dividing his army, ' and two of obtaining protection from another power. 163. The two sorts of alliance, attended with pre'sent and future advantages, are held to be those, "when he acts in conjunction with his ally, and when 'he acts apart from him. 164. War is declared to be of two sorts; when 2 E 2 it CHAP. it is waged for an injury to himself, and when it is waged for an injury to his ally, with a view to ' harass the enemy both in season and out of season. 6 6 6 165. Marching is of two sorts, when destructive acts are done at his own pleasure by himself apart, or when his ally attends him. 166. The two sorts of sitting encamped are, first, 'when he has been gradually weakened by the Divine Power, or by the operation of past sins, and, secondly, when, to favour his ally, he remains in his 6 camp. 167. A detachment commanded by the king in person, and a detachment commanded by a general officer, for the purpose of carrying some important point, are declared by those, who well know the 'six measures, to be the two modes of dividing his 6 army. 168. The two modes of seeking protection, that his powerful support may be proclaimed in all countries, are, first, when he wishes to be secure from apprehended injury, and, next, when his enemies actually assail him. 169. When the king knows with certainty, that at some future time his force will be greatly augmented, and when, at the time present, he sustains little injury, let him then have recourse to peaceful mea sures; 170. But, when he sees all his subjects consider· ably ably firm in strength, and feels himself highly ex- CHAP. alted in power, let him protect his dominions by war. 171. When he perfectly knows his own troops to ⚫ be cheerful and well supplied, and those of his 6 6 6 enemy quite the reverse, let him eagerly march against his foes; 172. But, when he finds himself weak in beasts of ‹ burden and in troops, let him then sit quiet in camp, using great attention, and pacifying his enemy by degrees. 6 6 6 173. When a king sees his foes stronger in all 174. But, when he is in all places assailable by 175. Him, who can keep in subjection both his ' own subjects and his foes, let him constantly sooth by all sorts of attentive respect, as he would honour his father, natural or spiritual: 176. But if, even in that situation, he find such protection a cause of evil, let him alone, though 'weak, wage vigorous war without fear. 177. By all these expedients let a politick prince act with such wisdom, that neither allies, neutral powers, VII. CHAP. VII. powers, nor foes, may gain over him any great advantage. 178. Perfectly let him consider the state of his kingdom, both actually present and probably future, ' with the good and bad parts of all his actions: 179. That king shall never be overcome by his enemies, who foresees the good and evil to ensue 'from his measures; who, on present occasions, takes his, resolution with prudent speed, and who weighs the various events of his past conduct. 180. Let him so arrange all his affairs, that no ally, neutral prince, or enemy, may obtain any advantage over him this, in a few words, is the sum ' of political wisdom. 181. WHEN the king begins his march against the domains of his foe, let him gradually advance, in 'the following manner, against the hostile metropolis. 182. Let him set out on his expedition in the fine 'month Márgasírsha, or about the month of Phálguna and Chaitra, according to the number of his forces, that he may find autumnal or vernal crops in the country invaded by him: 6 183. Even in other seasons, when he has a clear prospect of victory, and when any disaster has befallen his foe, let him advance with the greater part of his army. 184. Having 6 VII. 184. Having made a due arrangement of affairs in CHAP. 'his own dominions, and a disposition fit for his enterprize, having provided all things necessary for 'his continuance in the foreign realm, and having seen all his spies dispatched with propriety, 185. 6 Having secured the three sorts of ways, over water, on plains, and through forests, and placed his 'six-fold army, elephants, cavalry, cars, infantry, officers, and attendants, in complete military form, let ' him proceed by fit journeys toward the metropolis of his enemy: 186. · Let him be much on his guard against every secret friend in the service of the hostile prince, and against emissaries, who go and return; for in such 'friends he may find very dangerous foes. 187. On his march let him form his troops, either like a staff, or in an even column; like a wain, or in a wedge with the apex foremost; like a boar, or in a rhomb with the van and rear narrow and the 'centre broad; like a Macara or sea-monster, that is, in a double triangle with apices joined; like a needle, or in a long line; or like the bird of VISHNU, that is, in a rhomboid with the wings far extended: 6 188. From whatever side he apprehends danger, to that side let him extend his troops; and let him always conceal himself in the midst of a squadron 'formed like a lotos-flower. 189. Let him cause his generals and the chief com• mander |