flat surface of lawn, at one side of which is a terrace walk (a) in front of a wall for climbing roses (b), from which there is a descent by steps (ccc). The beds are of various forms, but the spaces between them and the walks, and also between one and another, are never narrower than 6 ft.; in consequence of which the spectator may walk round the whole, either on grass or on gravel, according to his taste. The terrace walk (a) and the side walks (ddd) are 12 ft. wide. The rose wall is supposed to be 10 ft. high, fronting the southeast, and the roses are planted behind it; in part brought over the wall and trained downwards, the other side being also covered, and in part brought through holes in the wall near the bottom, and trained upwards. The wall is ornamented with piers surmounted by vases. Among the beds on

the lawn are interspersed standard roses, as indicated in the figure. In the centre there is a basin and fountain. The walks (ddd) are supposed to be covered with arcades of roses; the side next the rosarium to have open arches, and the other side to be closed."

Crataegus coccinea. Page 817. line 20., dele "c." before "coccínea."
To the "Varieties" add:

"C. c. 5 neapolitana Hort.; Méspilus constantinopolitàna Godefroy." C. punctata. 818. to the " Varieties" add: "C. p. 4 brevispina Doug., and our fig. 2462. A very handsome fastigiate tree, with large, very dark, purplish-red fruit." C. ovalifolia. 821., in the list of Engravings, dele "and the plate of this species in our Second Volume."

C. Douglasii. 823., dele the Synonyme, which, as stated above, belongs to C. punctata.

C. trilobata. 824., in the list of Engravings, dele "and the plate of this species in our Second Volume."

C. Arònia. 827., in the paragraph headed "En

gravings," for "Pococke Cratægi," read

"Pococke's Travels;" and dele" according to Willdenow." In "Spec. Char., &c.," 1. 4. from the end, for "It produces its foliage early," read "It produces its foliage late."

C. heterophylla. 829., dele the Synonymes, as they belong, as stated above, to a variety of C. coccínea.

C. Oxyacántha. 831., in the " Varieties," add to the paragraph headed "C. O. 9 purpurea: ""Mr. Gordon informs us that this plant is now no longer in the Epsom Nursery, and that the plant now called there the red-twigged variety is C. prunifòlia."

832., after "C. O. 21 stricta Lodd. Cat., C. O. rígida Ronalds," insert: "and the plate of this tree in our Volumes of Plates."

840., to "Recorded old Hawthorn Trees," add: "There is a very remarkable thorn at Cawdor Castle, which is said to be coeval with the building." 841., add to the paragraph headed "C. Oxyacántha, and its Varieties, North of London:' "In Yorkshire, in Studley Park, it is 43 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 4 ft., and of the head 48 ft. This fine tree is figured in our Volumes of Plates."

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C. mexicana. 843., to the list of Synonymes, add: "C. Lambertiana Hort." § xvi. Glaúca. 844., dele the whole of this section, C. glaúca being now made a separate genus under the name of Stranvæ'sia, as indicated in p. 2563.

Synopsis of the Species of Crataegus, &c. 845., in the Synonymes to C. cordata, to "populifolia Fischer," add "Göttingen."

C. Oxyacántha pterifolia. 846., insert, after 1. 2.: "There is another C. pterifòlia, which is very distinct; and also C. O. oxyphýlla, received from Major-General Monckton, in the Horticultural Society's Garden." C. oxyacanthoides. 846., to the paragraph beginning, "Only differing, &c.," add: "and in the fruit containing more than one seed." 846., after" 31. C. tanacetifòlia glabra," add, "31.* C. t. Leeàna ;" and after 38. C. coccínea máxima, add, "38. C. c. acerifòlia;" both as paragraphs.

After "40. C. geórgica Doug.," add,

847., after "47. C. punctata stricta," &c., add "47.* C. p. brevispina."

Among the Synonymes to 55. C. viridis, dele "flórida Lodd." &c., and

66

grossulariæfòlia Lee," &c.

Before "56. C. virginiàna," &c., add:

"55.* C. spatulata Lindl.

:1

syn. flórida Lodd., fig. 613. in p. 867.

"55.** C. grossulariæfòlia Lee, figs. 559. and 616.

syn. lineàris Lodd.
parvifòlia Lee."

Add to the end of the section:

"C. triloba Lodd."

For "C. glaúca," &c., read "Stranvæ'sia glaucescens Lindl."

Add to " Additional Species of Cratæ`gus."

Page 848.

"Cratæ`gus florentina Zucch.; Méspilus florentina Bert. Leaves long-ovate, heart-shaped at the base, dentate, woolly underneath. Calyx woolly, lobes deciduous. Fruit ovate-globose, glabrous, 5-seeded. A native of Tuscany; flowering in spring, and ripening its fruit in autumn. This species, of which a notice has been sent us by Sr. G. Manetti, does not appear to have been introduced.

"C. opaca Hook. et Arn., Comp. to Bot. Mag., 1. p. 25. This species was found by Drummond, near New Orleans, in 1833. It is described as having oblong, obtuse, opaque leaves, attenuated at the base, and subsinuated; obscurely serrated, glabrous above, and ferruginous pubescent near the nerves beneath. The specimen found by Drummond was in fruit, and he did not see the flower. The fruit was about the size of that of C. Oxyacántha, marked in the dry state with five furrows, alternating with the cells, and crowned with the triangular segments of the calyx, Dr. Hooker thinks it quite distinct from any other species that he is acquainted with."

849., before App. iv., insert:

"These species of Crataegus were all taken up, and replanted, in the autumn of 1836, and some changes made, in consequence of which our Synonymes will no longer apply; but those who purchased plants from Messrs. Loddiges previously to that year may rely on its correctness.”

868., insert:

"GENUS XIII.*

STRANVÆ'SIA Lindl. THE STRANVESIA.

Linn. Syst. Icosándria Di

Pentagýnia.

Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg.
Synonyme. Cratæ gus, in part.

Derivation. "Named after the Honourable William Thomas Horner Fox Strangways, F.H.S., a learned and indefatigable investigator of the flora of Europe."

Gen. Char. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, concave, sessile, spreading, villous at the base. Stamens 20, spreading. Ovary villous, superior, 5-celled; cells containing 2 ovules. Fruit spherical, enclosed by the calyx, containing the superior, 5-valved, hard, brittle, dehiscent capsule. Seeds oblong, compressed; testa cartilaginous; radicle exserted.-Evergreen trees, natives of the temperate parts of Asia. Leaves simple. Flowers corymbose. (Lindl.)

"1. S. GLAUCE'SCENS Lindl. The glaucous-leaved Stranvæsia. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., t. 1956,

Synonyme. Cratæ`gus glaúca Wall. Cat., 673.

Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1956.; and our figs. 562. and 563., in p. 845.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, serrated, pointed at the base; midrib and nerves on the under side, as well as the young twigs, hairy; corymbs somewhat woolly; pedicels three or four times as long as the bud. (Lindl.)" For description, &c., see that of Cratæ'gus glaúca, p. 844.

Cotoneaster (v.) laxiflòra. 871., after the paragraph headed “Spec. Char., &c.,” insert :

"C. (v.) 1. 2 uniflora Fischer.-There are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden."

C. nummularia. Page 872., after the paragraph headed "Derivation," insert: "Synonymes. C. elliptica Hort.; Eriobotrya elliptica Lindl., Lin. Trans.; Méspilus Cuile Hort.

872. To the paragraph headed "Spec. Char, &c.," add: "It bears numerous berries, which are black when ripe."

C. levis Lodd. There is a plant bearing this name in Messrs. Loddiges's arboretum, which appears to approach C. nummulària; but, as we have never seen either flowers or fruit, we cannot speak decidedly.

Pyrus communis. Statistics. 888., add before "in Scotland," &c. :" In Yorkshire, at Doncaster, there is an old pear tree in the garden belonging to one of the houses in the High Street, which, tradition says, was planted by Charles I., who in one of his progresses dined at this town. Though much decayed, it bears annually an abundant crop of small brown fruit."

P. variolosa. 891., add to "Spec. Char., &c.:" "The young seedling plants of this species, Mr. Gordon informs us, have their leaves cut like those of Crataegus Oxyacántha."

P. Michauxii. "There are plants of this species in the Horticultural Society's Garden."

P. (Malus) prunifolia. 892., in the list of Engravings, dele the words "and the plate in our Second Volume."

Pyrus (Malus) dioica. 893., add to "Spec. Char., &c.:" "Mr. Gordon informs us that there are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden." The Little grey Ermine Moth. 906., after the second paragraph in p. 907., insert: :

"It is a peculiarity in the history of this insect, that it is not only social in the caterpillar state (fig. 2463. a), but that it retains its sociality during

the period of its pupation (b), the cocoons being formed within the web which had served for the abode of the caterpillars. These webs are quitted from time to time, and new encampments established at short distances from each other; hence, each brood constructs several webs in the course of its caterpillar state; the reason of which is, that the caterpillars do not quit their webs to feed, but only eat such leaves as are enclosed in each web.

The number of inhabitants in a colony varies from 100 to 200; and, hence, the more numerous the colony, the more frequently is a change of residence required. These webs consist of a great number of threads, not unlike spider webs, arranged somewhat irregularly, but sufficiently loose to enable the inhabitants to be seen through the covering. The caterpillars eat only the parenchyma of the upper side of the leaf; they also arrange their threads longitudinally, each, apparently, having a thread of its own, along which it moves either backwards or forwards without disturbing its neighbours, which, when in repose, are arranged side by side. The larger-sized nests include several of the smaller branches or twigs with their leaves; and some parts are of a firmer texture than the rest, apparently for resisting the wet. When the parenchyma of the upper sides of the leaves enclosed in the web has been consumed, the nest is abandoned, and a new one made, enclosing a fresh bunch of twigs, each of the caterpillars spinning a considerable number of threads; and thus each colony constructs as many as 6 or 8 distinct webs, disfiguring the tree, especially when, as is often the case, there are many societies established upon it. The leaves, thus half-consumed, wither up, as well as the young branches, for want of support, and the tree assumes the appearance of having been entirely scorched up with fire. The caterpillars rarely quit their nests; but, when alarmed or disturbed, they endeavour to make their escape by spinning a long thread, and dropping to the ground. When touched, also, they writhe about with great activity, and will run backwards nearly as fast as forwards.

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When full grown, about the beginning of July, each caterpillar encloses itself in a long and nearly cylindrical cocoon of white silk (fig. 2464. d), of

2464

d

a leathery consistence; and these cocoons are arranged side by side at one end of the nest, forming a mass not unlike, only considerably larger than, a mass of ants' eggs, as the cocoons of the ant are commonly called. As the whole of a colony has been reared from one brood of eggs, it is generally the case that the entire number commence the construction of their cocoons at the same time, and the whole are generally completed in the same day. In this cocoon, the insect immediately undergoes its change to the chrysalis state (fig. 2464. c); and its chrysalis, which does not materially differ from those of other small lepidopterous insects, is of a shining chestnut colour. It differs, however, from the chrysalides of the leaf-rollers, in wanting the transverse series of hooks with which the abdominal segments of the latter chrysalides are furnished; and hence, when, at the expiration of about 20 days, the perfect insect is ready to come forth, being unable to work the chrysalis out of the cocoon, the escape of the imago is effected within the latter, and the moth, with its wings in an unexpanded state, makes its way out of one end of the cocoon, after which its wings soon spread to their full

size.

"The perfect insect is shown at e in fig. 2464., with its wings expanded, and magnified; ƒ is the same, with its wings closed, and of the natural size; and g, the caterpillar, rather magnified.-J. O. W."

P. (c.) angustifolia. 909., dele the (c.).

Additional Species of Pyrus belonging to the § Màlus. 910.

"P. ? Schótti Ledeb. There is a plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden, received, under this name, from Dr. Ledebour.

"P. stipulacea Hort. There are plants in the Horticultural Society's