Imatges de pàgina
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over the surface, in the same manner as the fern does in England. As a single object on a British lawn, few, in rarity and singularity, can surpass a handsome fan palm. A plant has stood out in the open air in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden for several winters, with scarcely any protection.

The Chama'rops hùmilis, being a plant of small size and slow growth, is very easily covered in such a manner as effectually to exclude frost ; and, if it is found worth while to protect the pines and araucarias of warm climates, it surely will not be thought too much to recommend the bestowing of this care on the only species of palm yet known which is likely to make a fine appearance in the open air in British gardens. It may be observed, that the dwarf fan palm, having strong tough fronds, may be protected throughout the winter without the admission of light, which adds greatly to the facility and economy of the operation of protection. On the other hand, pines, firs, and most dicotyledonous plants, when protected during winter, not only require the frost to be excluded, but light and air to be frequently admitted. A cylindrical frame of iron rods, with a cover formed of a slightly convex plate of zinc, manufactured by Messrs. Cottam and Hallen, is well adapted for protecting plants of this kind. The zinc cover throws off

the rain and protects the plant under it from perpendicular snows, while the sides are covered with mats, which can be taken off or put on at pleasure, and in a few minutes. Fig. 2406. shows one section of the skeleton cylinder, which may be increased to any height by placing others of the same dimensions over it; and fig. 2405. shows the zinc cover. Covers of this kind are admirably adapted for protecting shrubs which flower early in spring, such as the Pæònia Moútan, Magnolia conspícua, camellias, &c.; and in autumn they may be placed over currant bushes, or over Buttner's mirellio cherry trees; by which means the fruit may be preserved hanging on the branches, and fit for the table, till November. Instead of having the skeleton cylinders of iron, and the cap zinc, the former we should greatly prefer

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being made of Kyanised willow or hazel rods, and the latter of oiled paper, or of birch bark fastened to a wickerwork frame. Even if the cap were 5 ft. or 6 ft. in diameter, it might still be covered with plates of bark, such as that of oak, beech, birch, &c., cut in the form of plain tiles, but larger for placing round the circumference, and smaller for the centre, and projecting a few inches all round, so as to clear the sides from the drip and perpendicular rain. The different sections forming the sides might also be covered with bark, or, if not with bark, with straw or reeds, unbruised, and placed in a vertical direction, so as to throw off side rains. Where these frames are used, they are commonly covered with straw or hay ropes, or with bast mats; but, these not presenting either a smooth surface like the bark, or a channeled surface like the straw or reeds, absorb the moisture which falls on them, and thus not only chill the atmosphere within, by the evaporation which takes place while they are drying, but rot the material. We have a great objection to the use of iron in the support or protection of plants, where wood can be substituted, and an equal objection to the preference generally given to wood prepared with the saw and the plane, and painted, rather than to poles or rods with the bark on. The reason for our objections is: the great disparity between the nature and durability of the protector and supporter, and the thing protected or supported. The means appear badly adjusted to the end, and the end seems as it were only secondary to the means. It is true, there has been hitherto a

powerful inducement to the use of iron rods for supporting standard roses, dahlias, and similar plants, and it is very proper that such rods should be painted to give them durability; but there is less excuse for employing iron rods, or rods of joiner's work, for tying up small green-house plants, and small plants in the open border; and none, as we think, for painting either wooden or iron rods of a pea-green. The natural colour of the bark of young trees is, in our opinion, greatly preferable. In the present day, when it is so clearly proved that stakes and rods with the bark on can be rendered at least of 6 or 7 years' duration by the kyanising process, we should always recommend their use in preference to iron. We acknowledge, however, the value of the latter material for espalier rails, some descriptions of trellis-work, sash-bars, &c. C. serrulata Willd., Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., i. p. 206., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., i. p. 239., grows on the coast of Georgia and Florida, and differs very little from the dwarf fan palm of Europe.

C. hystrix Pursh, l. c., p. 240., has a creeping root, like the former, but differs in having the petioles of the leaves long, with prickles resembling porcupine's quills. Found near the town of Savannah, in Georgia.

C. Palmetto Willd., Pursh, I. c., Michx. N. Amer. Syl., iii. 1. t. 101.; Córypha Palmetto Walt.; the Cabbage Tree, Amer. This is a tree with a trunk from 40 ft. to 50 ft. high, of a uniform diameter, and crowned with a regular and tufted head, composed of leaves of a brilliant green, palmated, and borne by petioles from 1 ft. 6 in. to 2 ft. long, nearly triangular and united at the edges. The leaves vary in length and breadth from 1 ft. to 5 ft., and are so arranged, that the smallest occupy the centre of the summit, and the largest the circumference. Before their developement, they are folded like a fan; and, as they open, the outside sticks of this fan separate and fall, leaving the base surrounded with filaments woven into a coarse and flimsy russet web. The base of the unclosed bundle of leaves is white, compact, and tender : it is eaten with oil and vinegar, and resembles the artichoke and the cabbage in taste; whence the American name of the cabbage tree. The flowers are of a greenish hue, and are produced in long clusters: they are succeeded by black horny fruit, about the size of a pea. This tree is found on the sea coast of Carolina and Florida, where the wood is used for forming piles for building wharfs; for which purpose it is preferred, though it is extremely porous, from its power of resisting the attacks of the sea-worms, which, during summer, destroy most other kinds of wood placed in situations accessible to them. When subject to be alternately wet and dry, it decays as rapidly as any other wood. In the war of independence, it was used for building forts, as, when a ball entered the wood, it immediately closed over it. (Michx.) The leaves are manufactured into light and very durable hats. - As there are several trees and shrubs, natives of Carolina, Florida, and Georgia, which endure the open air in England, it is at least worth while to try these three palms, which are, probably, as hardy as the Chamæ`rops hùmilis.

Bambùsa; the Bamboo. There are two kinds of bamboo in the Horticultural Society's Garden, which have endured the open air for 10 or 12 years, without any protection whatever. One of these, B. nigra Lodd. Cat., the black bamboo, was, in 1837, 7 ft. high, with several stems varying in thickness from in. to 1 in. Though a native of India, it appears nearly as hardy as the European reed. Another species, in the same garden, B. arundinacea, has stood out during the same period at the base of a wall with an eastern aspect, but has not grown so freely, probably owing to its being in a drier soil. In Jersey, there are several species and varieties in Saunders's Nursery, which stand out perfectly well without any protection.

Arúndo Donax is a grass with woody stems, a native of the south of Europe; and on Mount Etna supplying stakes for supporting the vine. It sometimes grows 15 ft. high in one season, in the climate of London; and makes a fine appearance on the rocky margin of a pond.

SUPPLEMENT,

CONSISTING OF

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTION S.

Part I. HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY, ETC.

WHEREVER the words "Schubértia disticha" occur, substitute "Taxòdium dístichum;" for "Abies Picea," read "Picea pectinàta;" and for "Pópulus dilatata," read" Pópulus fastigiàta."

Page 48. line 6., for "70," read "65."

51. 1. 15., for "fruxinifòlia," read “fraxinifòlia.”

58. 1. 15. and 16., for "the Misses Gostling, the present proprietors of Whitton Place," read "John Gostling, Esq., the present proprietor of Whitton Park."

75. 1. 7. from the bottom, for "William Swainson, the proprietor of some popular vegetable medicines," read "Isaac Swainson, who was originally a clerk to a woollen draper, but who afterwards purchased a share in De Velno's Vegetable Syrup."

78. 1. 22. ditto, for "the stock was sold off," &c., read "the stock was advertised to be sold off, and the ground let for building on," &c.

91. 1. 16. from the top, after "amerina," insert "[decipiens Hoffman; see Hook. Brit. Flor., i. p. 414.]"

1. 20., for "longifòlia," read “palústris [austràlis]."

97. 1. 16. from the bottom, after the word "son," insert "of the brother.' 103. 1. 15. ditto, for "ii.," read “iii.”

106. 1. 8. ditto, dele "L."

119. 1. 21. from the top, dele "inèbrians."

125. I. 12., insert " C. before "Douglasi,” and “[C. occidentàle]" after it.

after 1. 16., insert:

"Cratæ'gus Douglàsü.

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punctata brevispìna."

Philadelphus Gordoniana.”

1. 25., for "Pinus Sabiniana var.," read" Pinus macrocarpa [Coultèrü].” 1. 10. from the bottom, for " Meath," read " King's County."

134. 1. 3., dele "mediterrànea."

135. 1. 18., after "Charàcias," add " or amygdaloides."

140. 1. 7., from the bottom, after "deciduous," insert "

cypress."

145. 1. 26. ditto, for “nearly 50 ft.,” read “ 35 ft.; and its age, as estimated

by Dr. Kops in 1835, between 70 and 80 years."

146. 1. 15. ditto, dele “Euphorbia sylvática."

148. and 149., for " Schwöbbache," read "Schwöbber."

149. 1. 7. from the top, insert, after full stop, "(See Gard. Mag., viii. p. 445.)” 151. 1. 2., dele “ Làrix europæ`a, microcarpa, and péndula.”

1. 5., dele “andrógynus."

153. l. 6. from the bottom, dele "Linnæ a borealis."

1. 9. ditto, dele " Phyllódoce taxifòlia (Menzièsia cærùlea).”

1. 13. ditto, dele “hastàta."

1. 16. and 17. ditto, dele "Potentilla fruticosa."

Page 156. line 18. from the bottom, dele “ Phyllódoce cærùlea." 166. 1. 3. ditto, dele "minor."

1 13. ditto, dele “mediterrànea (Portugal)."

167. 1. 18. ditto, dele "sylvática (Portugal and Sicily) Charàcias." 173. 1. 14. ditto, insert "+" before "fraxinifòlia;

"Dobinæ a."

and dele "+" before

177. 1. 21. from the top, after " chinénse," insert "longiflòrum." 180. 1. 22. and 23., dele “polifòlia angustifòlia, polifòlia latifòlia.”

1. 29., dele" cærùlea."

181. 1. 34., dele "Empetrum nigrum."

184. 1. 11. from the bottom, for "shrub," read "scrub."

188. 1. 26. ditto, for "has since been added," read "was published in 1832, and a third in 1837."

1. 25. ditto, before "has," insert "of the first two volumes."

189. 1. 24. ditto, insert " North" before "American."

192. last line, for "Encyclopædia," read "work."

Part II OF THE SCIENCE OF THE STUDY OF TREES.
Page 193. to p. 230.

195. l. 31. and 32. from the bottom, for “Sórbus,” read “ Pŷrus.”
201. 1. 32. ditto, dele "first."

206. I. 14. from the top, for "Part IV. of this Encyclopædia," read “ Encyclopædia of Arboriculture.”

Our

209. 1. 5. from the bottom, for " the series of plates," &c, read "our volumes of plates."

1. 7. ditto, for " These, in the plates," &c., read " These, in our volumes of plates."

210. 1. 19. from the top, for " volume," read "volumes."

219. 1. 13. from the bottom, for "Encyclopædia," read "work."

223. 1. 4. and 5. from the top, for "the plates which form a separate volume,” read "our volumes of plates."

1. 17., for "all," read "most."

Part III. THE ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Page 231. to p. 2532.

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Fungi. 233. 1. 13. from the top, after the full stop, insert: :-"The principal fungi found on the Clematídeæ are, Solenia urceolata Wallr., and Ecídium Clemátidis Dec."

Clematis triternáta. 238. 1. 21., add:" According to Mr. Gordon, it is of stronger growth than any of the atragenes; and is so like C. virginiàna, as to be probably only a variety of that species."

Flámmula. 240., at the end of § i., introduce:

"C. nepalensis Dec. Syst., i. p. 164.,_Prod., i. p. 9., Wall. Cat., 4680., Royle Illust., p. 51.; C. montàna D. Don, Prod., p. 192.; C. m. var. Ham. MSS. Peduncles many; each 1-flowered, longer than the leaves, jointed, and with an involucre below the apex. Leaves ternate or trifid, glabrous; leaflets lanceolate, acute, cut, l-nerved. Perianth oblong, ash-coloured, and woolly.

(D. Don.) A native of Choor, Urukta, and other mountains in the Himalayas, at the elevation of from 9,000 ft. to 10,000 ft.; flowering in May. (Royle.) There is a plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden, which has not yet flowered; but, from its foliage, Mr. Gordon considers it to belong to the Flámmula.

"C. Hendersònii Hort. There is a plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden bearing this name, which was raised from seed by Mr. Henderson of Pine-Apple Place. It has the appearance of the herbaceous species of Clématis, C. integrifòlia, but is decidedly shrubby."

C. florida. Page 241. line 3. from the top, for " Variety," read “ Varieties;” and insert 2 after ƒ. After line 5., add :

"C. f. 3 Sieboldti D. Don in Sweet's Brit. Fl. Gard., t. 396.; C. Sieboldti
Pax. Mag. of Bot., iv. p. 147.; C. bicolor Hort.-This is a very beauti-
ful variety. The sepals are cream-coloured suffused with violet spots,
so as to give the plant what is termed by florists a dark eye. The leaves
and branches are more hairy, and the flowers much larger than those
of the species. It is a native of Japan, whence it was brought to Europe
by Dr. Van Sieboldt; and Messrs. Low and Co. of the Clapton
Nursery introduced it into England from Belgium in 1836. (See
Gard. Mag., vol. xiii. p. 430.)”
Before C. Viticélla, insert :—

The blue, or violet, flowered Clematis.

" *13. C. CERULEA Lindl.
Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., t. 1955.
Synonymes. C. azurea grandiflora Sieb.; C. grandiflora Hort.
Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1955.; and our fig. 2407.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves spreading, hairy,
ternate; segments ovate-acute, entire.
Peduncles 1-flowered; sepals 6-8, oblong,
lanceolate, acute, membranaceous; margin
distended. (Lindl.) It is a free-growing
and profuse-blooming plant, with large
violet-coloured flowers, and deep purple
stamens. Dr. Lindley observes that it is
nearly related to C. flórida, from which it
differs not only in the colour, delicacy, and
transparency of its blossoms, but also in its
leaves being only once ternate, and in the
sepals not touching and overlapping each
other at the edges. A native of Japan.
Introduced into Belgium by Dr. Van Sie-
boldt, whence it was sent to England to
Messrs. Loddiges, in 1836."

C. Viticélla. 241. 1. 3. from the bottom,

dele:

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"L C. V. 5 baccata Dec. The berried-fruited Vine-bower Clematis;” it being

the same as C. campaniflòra.

C. campaniflora. 242. add "C. Viticélla baccata Dec."

to the list of synonymes.

C. baleárica. 244., add to the list of Engravings, "and

our fig. 2408."

C. montana. 245. 1. 2. from the bottom, after the full "It was first sent home in 1831,

stop, insert :
:-

by Lady Amherst."

246.1.4. from the top, add: "It may also be propagated
by cuttings."

Anticipated Introductions. 246. 1. 21., dele “nepalénsis.”
PEONIA CEÆ.

Pæònia. 250. 1. 5. from the top, add : " Sphæ`ria fláccida
A. & S. is found on the leaves of P. officinalis,
but is probably not confined to that species."

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