Behavioral Development: Concepts of Approach/withdrawal and Integrative Levels

A/W processes A/W theory action potentials activity adult aggressive behavior Alleva analysis androgen animals Aplysia approach and withdrawal approach behaviors approach responses approach/withdrawal Aronson arousal attachment attachment theory behavioral development biological biphasic processes brain Cairns caregivers cells changes chicks Child Development cholinergic comparative psychology complex concept context D. S. Lehrman developmental contextual developmental psychology dialectical dopamine dyadic dynamic effects evolution evolutionary experience fractal function Gariépy gaze aversions genetic hormones IMHV individual infants inhibition integrative levels interactions involved Journal of Comparative Kandel latencies Lerner low-aggressive line males maternal behavior maternal responsiveness mechanisms mice mothers neonatal nerve growth factor nervous system neural nonpregnant females nucleus accumbens ontogeny organization patterns peers perspective physiological Polyergus pups rats reactivity relations relationships Science selection selective breeding sensitization latencies sensory neurons social behavior specific stimulation stimulus intensity studies T. C. Schneirla temperament threshold tion Tobach withdrawal processes withdrawal responses York