America, or any possessions of the European powers in Asia and Africa, are to enter only the port of Batavia. The said vessels are to make their declaration of entry and discharge at Batavia, unless for particular reasons, a permit has been granted them from the Superior Regency, to discharge and make declaration at Samarang, or at Sourahayd.

2. Vessels departing for Europe, America, or any possessions of European powers in Asia or Africa, may, at their option, make their declaration of departure at Batavia, Samarang, or Sourahayd, provided they have taken their entire lading in any of these three places.

3. No vessel designated in articles 1 and 2 will be allowed to touch at any other port or place in the islands of Java or Madura, and much less to load or unload any kind of merchandize or other articles, without a special permit from the Superior Regency.

4. Vessels under the denomination of Chineesche Jonken are admitted only at Batavia.

5. All vessels belonging to inhabitants of Java or Madura, or any other parts in the Oriental Seas under the Belsic authority, as also all vessels belonging to places of Indian people and princes in alliance with the Batavian Regency, may enter and quit all the ports of Java and Madura, conforming to the existing regulations and ordinances. If these vessels depart for Europe, America, &c. like all others, they will be subject to articles 1, 2,

and 3.

Notwithstanding the existing depression of commerce, the Leipsic fair was well attended, and considerable quantities of goods were sold. Among the rest, English cotton yarns and calicoes met with purchasers; and it was observed, that our 66 japanned wares preserved their superiority over those

of Germany." These circumstances tended to strengthen that jealousy of British superiority which had been long prevalent on the continent, and particularly in Germany; and notes were said to have been presented to the Diet of the Empire, demanding a monopoly of the German market. Considerable efforts were indeed made, particularly by the smaller states, to establish the liberty of commerce in the interior of Germany; but though the general principles of the measure were approved by the Diet, yet through the dilatory measures of that body, these proceedings did not come to any decisive result.

In Britain itself, a much happier revolution of public sentiment took place. Her leading mercantile characters became fully impressed with the principle which had long since been proved by the best writers on the subject, that the system of prohibition against the import of foreign rival manufactures, was founded altogether upon an erroneous policy, and was productive of real injury to themselves. The merchants of London, in a petition presented to the House of Commons, avowed these principles in the most unqualified manner. It is here observed, that "freedom from restraint is calculated to give the utmost extension to foreign trade, and the best direction to the capital and industry of the country""that of the numerous protective and prohibitory duties of our commercial code, it may be proved, that while all operate as a very heavy tax on the community at large, very few are of any ultimate benefit to the classes in whose favour they were originally instituted, and none to the extent of the loss occasioned by them to other classes"-that a declaration against the anti-commercial principles of our restrictive system is of the more importance at the present juncture,

inasmuch as, in several instances of recent occurrence, the merchants and manufacturers in foreign states have assailed their respective governments with applications for further protective or prohibitory duties and regulations, urging the example and authority of this country, against which they are almost exclusively directed, as a sanction for the policy of such measures" "and that nothing would tend to counteract more the commercial hostility of other states, than the adoption of a more enlightened and conciliatory policy on the part of this country." A similar petition was presented by the Directors of the Chamber of Commerce at Glasgow, and enforced by arguments equally judicious. They observed, "that the division of employments among countries, according to the different natural advantages they respectively possess, is upon the same principle, and attended with the like beneficial consequence, that follows the division of labour in the processes of industry among individuals, the powers of each country being increased thereby, and each individual's share in the products augmented-that a na tion attempting to manufacture, or

raise within itself, every thing which it is to consume, acts in direct contradiction to this principle, and against its best interests"-that the principle of exclusion once admitted must apply equally to the different districts of which a country is composed; yet the inhabitants of Lancashire and Lanarkshire, though engaged in the same manufacture, found their interest in exchanging their commodities with each other that this principle, recognized so fully by these rival districts, applies, with no less undeniable effect, to the general commerce between nations; and they concluded with expressing their conviction, that the question will not so much lie with regard to the wisdom of abandoning the restrictive system, as with respect to the means by which our steps from it may be safely retraced-how we are to return to the sound and beneficial principles of trade, with the least possible injury to individuals.

These views have not been without some influence on the national councils; the extent of which will be seen in the report of parliamentary proceedings.

IN Britain, exertions for the propa. gation of Christianity continued to be made on the same extended scale as before. This will sufficiently appear from the following statement of the amount of the principal Religious Charities for the year ending 31st March, 1820:—

30,076

Brit. and For. Bible Society. £93,033
Church Missionary Society
London Missionary Society
Society for Conversion of Jews
Prayer Book and Homily Society
Hibernian Society.
Naval and Military Bible Society
Total

To these should be added the estimated Receipts of those Societies who do not make their up accounts at Lady-Day, taken on the scale of 1819, which will be rather under than overrating them.

Society for Promoting Christian
Knowledge.

Methodist Missionary Society
Moravian Missions

25,409 8,950 1,987 4,683 2,162

£166,300

53,700

24,000

5,000 16,000

13,800 2,500 6,180

50,000

£337,482

Total of one year One of the most remarkable religious features of the present year, consisted in the union of the two branches of the Scottish Secession Church, called by the public the Burgher and Anti-burgher, and by themselves, the General and Associate Synod. Although the difference did not consist in any essential point of doctrine or church discipline, but in some minor political questions, particularly the ta

king of the Burgher oath, yet the animosity between them was observed, as often happens, to be more intense than between sects having much broader points of distinction. By degrees, however, the improvements of knowledge, liberal views, and Christian charity, and not a little, perhaps, the diffusion of religious knowledge, introhabit of meeting in associations for the duced a milder spirit. Coming to know and esteem each other as individuals, they became ashamed of those narrow distinctions which had kept them at so unsocial a distance; and a plan was at length formed, of a union between the two churches. After a number of discussions, it was at length agreed to by all the clergy of both denominations, with a very few exceptions. This meritorious issue was consummated on Friday the 8th, in Bristo-street Meeting-house, Edinburgh, -the spot on which, seventy-three years before, the separation took place.

The two Synods met in the morning of that day-the General Associate Synod in their Synod-house, Nicolson Street, and the Associate Synod in the Rev. Mr Lothian's Meeting-house, Portsburgh; and after having finished the business that had been submitted to them severally, adjourned, constituted, to Bristo Street, at halfpast 12 o'clock, walking in regular order to the place of meeting; first the ministers, then the elders, probationers for the ministry, and students of divinity. After the two Synods were seated in a part of the meeting-house which had been railed in for their reception, and in alternate pews, so that they were completely intermingled, the two Mo derators in front of the pulpit, and the two clerks at a little distance on the right and left, the senior Moderator