CHAP.

PAGE

XXXII.- OF THE CHARITY OF THE EMPEROR TO THE POOR ..

397

NOTE.-Buddhist influence, and Chinese charities.

XXXIII. [CONCERNING THE ASTROLOGERS IN THE CITY OF

CAMBALUC] ..

NOTES.-I. The word Tacuin.
Chinese and Mongol Cycle.

..

The Chinese Almanacs. 2. The

XXXIV. [CONCERNING THE RELIGION OF THE CATHAYANS ;'

THEIR VIEWS AS ΤΟ THE SOUL; AND THEIR

CUSTOMS]

NOTES.-1. Textual. 2. Do. 3. Exceptions to the general charge

of Irreligion brought against the Chinese. 4. Politeness. 5.

Filial Piety.

399

404

EXPLANATORY LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

TO VOLUME I.

To face Title. .

INSERTED PLATES AND MAPS.

DOORWAY of the HOUSE of MARCO POLO in the Corte Sab

bionera at Venice (see p. lvii). Woodcut from a drawing by Signor L. Rosso, Venice.

c. Reduced FACSIMILE of the WILL of MARCO POLO, preserved in St. Mark's Library. On half the scale of the original. Photolithography, from a negative taken under the superintendence of Cavaliere G. Berchet.

cviii. FACSIMILE of Handwriting from the CRUSCA ITALIAN MS. of Polo's Book, and of the indorsement upon it. Lithograph

from a tracing by the Editor.

cxxxiv. Probable view of MARCO POLO'S OWN GEOGRAPHY: a Map of the World, formed as far as possible from the Traveller's own data. Drawn by the Editor.

Map illustrating the geographical position of the CITY of SARAI. 6. Plan of part of the remains of the same city. Reduced from a Russian plan published by M. Grigorieff.

28. Reduced FACSIMILE of part of the BUDDHIST INSCRIPTION of the Mongol Era, on the Archway at KEU-YUNG-KWAN in the Pass of Nankau, north-west of Peking, showing four of the characters in use under the Mongol Dynasty. Photolithograph from original impressions taken by, and in the possession of, Mr. A. Wylie. See an Article by Mr. Wylie in the J. R. A. S. for 1870, p. 14.

Plan of AYAS, the Laias of Polo. From an Admiralty Chart. 41. Plan of position of DILAWAR, the supposed site of the Dilavar of Polo. Ext. from a Survey by Lt.-Col. D. G. Robinson, R.E. 108. Marco Polo's Itineraries, No. II. Routes between KERMAN and HORMUZ.

168. Do.

do.

UPPER OXUS.

No. III. Regions on and near the

316. "Table d'Or de Commandement ;" the PAÏZA of the MONGOLS,
from a specimen found in Siberia. Reduced to one-half the scale
of the original, from an engraving in a Paper by I. J. Schmidt.
in the Bulletin de la Classe historico-philologique de l'Acad.
imp. des Sciences, St.-Petersbourg, tom. iv. No. 9.

332 Plan of PEKING as it is, and as it was about A.D. 1290.
378. BANK-NOTE of the MING Dynasty, on one-half the scale of the
original. Reduced from a genuine note in the possession of
W. Lockhart, Esq., F.R.G.S. N.B.-The facsimile is as exact
as could be effected, with these exceptions: (1) that the colour of
the original is considerably darker; (2) that the vermilion seal-
impressions, of which only the slightest traces remained, have
been restored from other sources.

384. Facsimile of a MODERN Peking BANK-NOTE; from a specimen
in the possession of Mr. Lockhart.

last page

Marco Polo's Itineraries, No. IV. EASTERN ASIA,

xxviii.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOL. I.

WOODCUTS PRINTED WITH THE TEXT.

INTRODUCTORY NOTICES.

Page xl. Arms of the Polo family, according to Marco Barbaro. xlviii. The Piazzetta at Venice in the 14th century. From the Frontispiece

Miniature of the MS. of Marco Polo in the Bodleian. (Borrowed from the National Miscellany, published by J. H. Parker, Oxford, for 1853-55, and see Street's Brick and Marble, &c., 1855, p. 150151.)

lvi. Three extracts from maps of Venice, showing the site of the Ca' Polo at three different periods. (1) From the great woodcut Map or View of Venice, dated 1500, and commonly called Albert Dürer's. (2) From a Plan by Cav. Lodovico Ughi, 1729. (3) From the Modern Official Plan of the City.

lxii. Extract from a fresco by Spinello Aretini, in the Municipal Palace at Siena, representing a galley-fight between the Venetians and the fleet of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, and illustrating the arrangements of medieval galleys. Drawn from a very dim and imperfect photograph, after personal inspection of the original.

Ixiv. Diagram of arrangement of oars in galleys.

lxvi. Extract from a picture by Domenico Tintoretto in the Ducal Palace at
Venice, representing the same galley-fight. After an engraving in
the Theatrum Venetum.

lxxvii. Marco Polo's Galley going into action at Curzola. Drawn by Signor Q.
Cenni, 15 Viâ S. Antonio, Milan, from a design by the Editor.
lxxviii. Map to illustrate the sea-fight at Curzola, where Marco Polo was taken
prisoner.

lxxxv. Seal of the Pisan Prisoners in Genoa, after the battle of Meloria (1284).
From Manni, Osservazioni Storiche sopra Sigilli Antichi, tom. xii.

cii. The Convent and Church of S. Lorenzo, the burial-place of Marco Polo, as it existed in the 15th century. From the Map of 1500 (see above).

ciii. Figure of Marco Polo, from the first printed edition of his Book, published in German at Nuremberg, 1477. Traced from a copy in the Berlin Library.

cxliii. Tailed Star near the Antarctic, as Marco Polo drew it for Pietro d' Abano. From the Conciliator of Pietro d' Abano,

PROLOGUE.

3. Remains of the castle of Soldaia or Sudák.
Voyage autour du Caucase, Atlas, 3d s. Pl. 64.

After Dubois de Montpereux,

7. Ruins of Bolghar. After Demidoff, Voyage dans la Russie méridionale,

Pl. 75.

14. The Great Kaan delivering a golden tablet to the two elder Polos. From a miniature in the Livre des Merveilles du Monde (Fr. 2810) in the Library at Paris, fol. 3 verso.

16.

17.

Castle of Ayas. After Langlois, Voyage en Cilicie.

Plan of Acre as it was when lost (A.D. 1291). Reduced and translated from the contemporary plan in the Secreta Fidelium Crucis of Marino Sanuto the Elder, engraved in Bongars, Gesta Dei per Francos, vol. ii.

Page

20. Portrait of Pope Gregory X. After 7. B. de Cavaleriis Pontificum Romanorum Effigies, &c. Romæ, 1580.

37. Ancient Chinese war-vessel. From the Chinese Encyclopædia called San-Thsai-Thou- Hoei.

BOOK FIRST.

42. Coin of King Hethum I. and Queen Isabel of Little Armenia. From an original in the British Museum.

48. Castle of Baiburt.

After Texier, L'Armenie, Pl. 3.

53. View of Derbend. After a cut from a drawing by M. Moynet in the

Tour du Monde, vol. I.

58. Coin of Badruddin Lolo of Mosul (A.H. 620). After Marsden's Numismata Orientalia, No. 164.

71. Ghazan Khan's Mosque at Tabriz.

of Architecture.

Borrowed from Fergusson's History

90. Kashmir scarf with animals, &c. After photograph from the scarf in
the India Museum.

III. Illustrations of the use of the double rudder in the Middle Ages. 6 figures,
viz., Nos. 1 and 2, from Pertz, Scriptores, tom. xviii. after a Genoese
Chronicle; No. 3, Sketch from fresco of Spinello Aretini at Siena; No. 4,
Seal of Port of Winchilsea, from Sussex Archæological Collections, vol. i.
1848; No. 5, Sculpture on Leaning Tower at Pisa, after Jal, Archéologie
Navale; No. 6, from the Monument of Peter Martyr, the persecutor
of the Lombard Patarini, in the church of St. Eustorgius at Milan,
after Le Tombe ed i Monumenti Illustri d'Italia, Mil. 1822-23.
127. The Arbre Sec, and Arbres du Soleil et de la Lune. From a miniature in
the Prose Romance of Alexander, in the B. Museum MS. called the
Shrewsbury Book (Reg. xv. e. 6).

131. The Chinár or Oriental Plane, viz., that called the Tree of Godfrey of
Boulogne at Buyukdéré, near Constantinople. Borrowed from Le

Monde Végétal of Figuier.

158. Ancient Buddhist Temple at Pandrethan in Kashmir. Borrowed from Fergusson's History of Architecture.

167. Horns of the Ovis Poli, or Great Sheep of Pamer. Drawn by the Editor from the specimen belonging to the Royal Asiatic Society.

200. Great Lama Monastery, viz., that at Jehol. After Staunton's Narrative of Lord Macartney's Embassy.

203. The Kyang, or Wild Ass of Mongolia. After a plate by Wolf in the Journal of the Royal Zoological Society.

223. Medieval Tartar Huts and Waggons. Drawn by Sig. Quinto Cenni, on a design compiled by the Editor from the descriptions of medieval and modern travellers.

226. Tartar idols and Kumiz churn. Drawn by the Editor after data in Pallas and Zaleski.

240. The Syrrhaptes Pallasii; Bargherlac of Marco Polo. From a plate by Wolf in the Ibis for April, 1860.

246. Reeves's Pheasant. After an engraving in Wood's Illustrated Natural History.

258. The Rampart of Gog and Magog. From a photograph of the Great Wall of China. Borrowed from Dr. Rennie's Peking and the Pekingese. 270. A Pavilion at Yuen Min Yuen, to illustrate the probable style of Kublai Kaan's Summer Palace. Borrowed from Michie's Siberian Overland Route.

XXX

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOL. I.

Page 281. Chinese Conjuring Extraordinary. Extracted from an engraving in Edward Melton's Zeldzaame Reizen, &c. Amsterdam, 1702.

284. A Monastery of Lamas. Borrowed from the Tour du Monde.

291. A Tibetan Bacsi. Sketched from the life by the Editor.

303. Nakkaras. From a Chinese original in the Lois des Empereurs Mandchous (Thai-Thsing-Hoei-Tien-Thou), in the Paris Library.

304. Nakkaras. After one of the illustrations to Blochmann's edition of the Ain-i-Akbari.

314. Seljukian coin, with the Lion and the Sun (A.H. 640). After Marsden's
Numismata Orientalia, No. 98.

319. Portrait of the Great Kaan Kublai. From a Chinese engraving in the
Encyclopædia called San-Thsai-Thou-Hoei; in the Paris Library.
329. The Winter Palace at Peking. Borrowed from Fergusson's History of
Architecture.

330. Distant view of the "Green Mount." Borrowed from the Tour du Monde.
335. South gate of the "Imperial City" at Peking. From an original sketch
belonging to W. Lockhart, Esq.

355. The Barkút Eagle. After Atkinson's Oriental and Western Siberia.
364. The tents of the Emperor Kienlung. From a drawing in the Staunton
Collection in the British Museum.

369. Plain of Cambaluc; the City in the distance; from the hills on the north-
west. From a photograph. Borrowed from Dr. Rennie's Peking.
402. Court of the Observatory at Peking, with ancient instruments of the
Mongol era. Borrowed from the Tour du Monde.

409. Marble Archway at Keu-yung-kwan in the Nankau Pass. Prom a photo-
graph lent by W. Lockhart, Esq.