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CASTLE.

BOSWORTH FIELD.-DEATH OF NORFOLK.

63

With a rancour sharpened at this moment by their very relationship, each singled out the other as an object worthy of his lance. With cool determined intrepidity they dashed forward to the rencontre; and shivering their spears at the first thrust, drew their swords and resumed the trial of strength and skill. Rushing in upon his antagonist's guard, Norfolk's powerful arm made a sweeping blow at the head of De Vere; but the blade glancing down from his polished helmet failed in its effect, and only wounded him in the left arm.

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Quickly recovering his balance, and exasperated by the dread of discomfiture more than the pain of his wound, Oxford returned the blow with tremendous effect; hewed the visor from Norfolk's helmet, and thereby exposed his face to the missiles that were falling in showers around them. Oxford, like a generous knight, disdaining to take advantage of his gallant adversary, instantly dropped the point of his weapon. But his forbearance did not save his noble kinsman; for, at the same instant, struck in the forehead by a shaft which penetrated the brain, Norfolk made a convulsive spring in the saddle, and fell prostrate on the field. Oxford, deeply affected by his death, sadly exclaimed-" A better knight cannot die, though he might in a better cause!"

The result of this day needs not to be told; but the anecdote of the young Surrey, embarked in the same cause, and in fulfilment of the same oath of fidelity which bound his father to the standard of King Richard, is worth repeating in this place.

During the heat of the battle, conscious of his father's fall, and exhausted by extraordinary exertions of mind and body, he was surrounded by a powerful body of his antagonists, each of whom was ambitious to distinguish him

self by disabling or making him prisoner. Observing at this moment the brave Sir John Stanley in the last charge, Surrey presented to him the hilt of his sword, and said, "The day is your own, there is my sword; let me die by yours-but not by an ignoble hand!" "God forbid," replied the generous Stanley" live for new honours. Stanley will never shed the blood of so brave a youth. No fault attaches to you! the error was your father's!" "What!" rejoined Surrey, again recovering his sword; "does the noble Talbot insult the vanquished? Loyalty, Sir Knight, is the watchword of our house. My father revered the sacred authority of the king, though he lamented the errors of the man. Never shall I repent the choice I have made, seeing that it can leave no stain upon my honour. Whoever wears the crown, him will I fight for; nay, were it placed on nothing better than a stake in that hedge, I would draw my sword in its defence.".

The same frank and gallant bearing in the presence of Richmond after the oattle, secured for young Surrey the royal confidence.

The scene is thus described by Sir John Beaumont, in his "Bosworth Field"

Courageous TALBOT had with SURREY met;
And after many blows, began to fret,

That one so young in arms should thus unmoved
Resist his strength, so oft in war approved.

And now the Earl beholds his father's fall,
Whose death like horrid darkness frighted all;
Some give themselves as captives, others fly;
But this young lion casts his generous eye
On MOWBRAY's lion, painted on his shield,
And with that king of beasts repines to yield.
"The field," saith he, " in which the lion stands,

Is blood, and blood I offer to the hands

Of daring foes; but never shall my flight
Dye black my lion, which, as yet, is white."
His enemies, like cunning huntsmen, strive
In binding snares to take their prey alive,
While he desires to expose his naked breast,
And thinks the sword that deepest strikes is best.
Young HOWARD single with an army fights;
When, moved with pity, two renowned knights,
Strong Clarendon, and valiant Conyers, try
To rescue him-in which attempt they die.
NOW SURREY, fainting, scarce his sword can hold;
Which made a common soldier grow so bold,
To lay rude hands upon that noble flower,
Which he disdaining-anger gives him power—
Erects his weapon with a nimble round,
And sends the peasant's arm to kiss the ground.
This done, to TALBOT he presents his blade,
And saith, "It is not hope of life hath made
1ms my submission; but my strength is spent,
And so ne pernaps of villain blood will vent

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My weary soul; this favour I demand,
That I may die by your victorious hand."
"Nay, God forbid that any of my name,"

Quoth TALBOT, "should put out so bright a flame
As burns in thee, brave youth! where thou hast err'd
It was thy father's fault, since he preferr'd

A tyrant's crown before the juster side."
The Earl, still mindful of his birth, replied,
"I wonder, TALBOT, that thy noble heart
Insults on ruins of the vanquish'd part:
We had the right; if now to you it flow,
The fortune of your swords hath made it so.
I never will my luckless choice repent,
Nor can it stain mine honour or descent;
Set England's royal wreath upon a stake,

There will I fight, and not the place forsake.

And if the will of God hath so disposed

That RICHMOND's brow be with the crown inclosed,
I shall to him, or his, give doubtless signs,

That duty in my thoughts-not faction-shines."

And the sincerity of his professions is fully attested by his subsequent conduct, both in the camp and the cabinet. He became Lord Treasurer of the Household, attended the Princess Margaret to Scotland on her marriage with James the Fourth-the most chivalrous prince of his age,-and, with his wife and daughter, was present at all the magnificent scenes, fêtes, banquets, and tournaments, which attended that ill-starred alliance.

VOL. I.

On the accession of Henry the Eighth, he continued in the same high office-was elected a privy councillor, appointed earl marshal of the kingdom and his majesty's lieutenant for the north of England. His next appearance in the field was at the battle of Flodden, where, with his two sons, he had the chief command. The fortunes of that day are too well known to every reader to require any lengthened description in this place; but to connect the achievements with the subject of this brief memoir, it becomes necessary to take a cursory view

Sept. 9,

1513.

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"Of the stern strife and carnage drear

Of Flodden's fatal field;

Where shiver'd was fair Scotland's spear,

And broken was her shield."

On the morning of the battle the English army advanced in four divisions. On the right, which first engaged, were the two sons of Earl Surrey: Thomas Howard, Admiral of England, and Sir Edmund, Knight Marshal of the Army. Their divisions were separated from each other; but at the request of Sir Edmund, his brother's battalion was drawn up very near to his own. The centre was commanded by Surrey in person; the left wing by Sir Edward Stanley, with the men of Lancashire and Cheshire. Lord Dacres, with a large body of horse, formed a reserve. When the smoke which the wind had driven between the armies was somewhat dispersed, they perceived that the Scots, after having set fire to their tents, had moved down the hill in a similar order of battle, and in profound silence.

"Scarce could they see or hear their foes

Until at weapon-point they close-
They close in clouds of smoke and dust,
With sword-sway and with lances' thrust;
And such a yell was there

Of sudden and portentous birth,

As if men fought upon the earth,

And fiends in upper air

Oh, life and death was in the shout;
Revel and rally, charge and rout,
And triumph and despair!"

The Earls of Huntly and Home commanded the left wing of the Scots, and charged Sir Edmund Howard with such impetuosity and success as entirely discomfited his part of the right wing. Sir Edmund's banner was beaten down

Then fell the spotless banner white,

The Howard's 'Lion' fell

and he himself escaped with difficulty to his brother's division. The admiral, however, stood firm; and quickly advancing to his support with the reserve of cavalry, appears to have kept the victors in effectual check.

CASTLE.

SURREY AT FLODDEN FIELD.

67

Then seizing the favourable moment and pushing forward, the admiral charged and routed a large division of the Scottish army in his front, commanded by the Earls of Crawford and Montrose, both of whom were slain on

the spot.

The King and Surrey, who led the centres of their respective armies, were now engaged in close and doubtful conflict. James, surrounded by the flower of his kingdom, supported by the reserve under the Earl of Borthwick, but impatient and exasperated by the galling discharge of arrows from the English bowmen, made his attack with such impetuosity that the standard of Surrey was in imminent danger. But at that critical moment Stanley, who had routed the Scottish wing on the left, and was now pursuing his career of victory, arrived on the right flank in the rear of the king's division, which,

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The Scottish army, however, dispirited by the loss of their king and his principal chiefs, abandoned the field before day-break, with a loss of between eight and ten thousand men-among whom were the very prime of their nobility, gentry, and even clergy.-Here the reader is referred to Pinkerton.

Surrey's loss was also very great; perhaps within one-third of the vanquished; but those who fell were only men of inferior note. According to the old ballad, there perished

"Never a nobleman of fame

But Bryan Tunstall bold, alas!

Whose corse home to his burial came,
With worship great, as worthy was."

The trophies of this victory were received by King Henry under the walls

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