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CHINA AND THE CHINESE:
THEIR
RELIGION, CHARACTER, CUSTOMS,
AND
MANUFACTURES:
THE EVILS ARISING FROM THE
OPIUM TRADE:
WITH A GLANCE AT OUR
RELIGIOUS, MORAL, POLITICAL, AND COMMERCIAL INTERCOURSE WITH THE COUNTRY.
BY
HENRY CHARLES SIRR, M.A.,
OF LINCOLN'S INN, BARRISTER-AT-LAW.
VOL. II.
LONDON:
WM. S. ORR & CO., AMEN CORNER, AND 147, STRAND.
MDCCCXLIX.
CARPENTIER
D5709 5615
PRINTED BY STEWART AND MURRAY,
OLD BAILEY.
CONTENTS TO VOL. II.
CHAPTER I.
Paper-Made eighteen hundred years ago-Tradition of the Mandarin
who made the discovery-Paper made from various substances—
Ancient Chinese author-Ink, when first used and how made-Chinese
receipt for the preparation of ink-Pens, and mode of writing —
Printing Mode of cutting characters Bookbindings Chinese
literary works
page 1
Antiquity of Chinese Music-Musical instruments-Music of the Chinese
-Chinese airs
CHAPTER III.
14
New Year Observances on the last day of the Old Year-New Year's
Day-Decorative inscriptions-King of the beggars-Koo-tow on New
Year's Day to the Yellow Screen-Complimentary calls and visits—
Suspension of business during the holidays-Feast of lanterns
Description of the same at Pekin in the seventeenth century
CHAPTER IV.
-
27
Woman-Her social and moral position in China-Want of education—
Traditions of the subjugation of China-Maimed feet-Personal ap-
pearance-Length of nails-Women's apartments-Toilet-tables-
Smoking Marriage - Wives-Empress of China-Handmaids-
Children of wives and concubines-Authority of parents over children
-Infanticide Foundling hospitals-Extracts from an ancient Chinese
philosopher upon the manner of governing the house, and the women's
apartments
35
826298
4
3
CHAPTER V.
Written characters used by the Chinese-Number of them-Various
styles of writing Language The four different dialects; the
Kou-ou-en, Ou-en-te-hang, Kou-ha-na, and the Hi-an-tang, or
patois
CHAPTER VI.
59
Knowledge of the Healing Art-Strange ideas of the human frame-The
pulse-Anatomical plates-Circulation of the blood-Internal struc-
ture Surgery-Dislocation of the spine-Broken ribs-Father Ripa's
account-Scarification - Acupuncture, when first known to Euro-
peans-Application of caustics-The Moxa-Venesection-Midwives
-Drugs-Extraordinary cataplasm-Styptics-Fees of medical men
-Medical works-Diseases prevalent in China-Specimen of Chinese
semeiology 65
CHAPTER VII.
Literature of the Chinese-Examination of aspirants for literary honors
-Writing of Confucius-Treatise on Filial Duty, or the Seaou-kin—
Honors bestowed on the family of the Sage-Period of his death—
Number of descendants-A Chinese Novel, entitled Chow-an-se, or
the Widower turned Philosopher-Specimen of the Moral Tales of the
Chinese-Original Tale, translated expressly for this work-Poetical
Writings-Specimens-Dramatic Writings-Tragedy and Farce. 82
CHAPTER VIII.
Religion of the Chinese-Three religious sects-Con-fou-tsze, or State
Religion-Priests - Rites and ceremonies-Prayer of the Emperor
Kang-he-Extract from the Chu-king, by Confucius-The followers of
Lao-kiun, or Taou-Precepts and doctrines-Joss-houses-Decora-
tions and idols-Demon mode of worship-Religious observances and
processions-The followers of Foo, or Buddha-Beliefs-Doctrines-
Precepts and commandments-Transmigration of souls-Anecdotes--
Temples-Mode of worship-Priests and Nuns-Settlement of Jews—
Mahomet's followers 145
CHAPTER IX.
Worshipping at the Tombs -Tombs and sepulchres-Extraordinary
tomb at Sung-kiang-foo-Coffins-Funeral ceremonies-Rites in the
Hall of Ancestors-Time of mourning fixed by the laws of the Empire
-Tradition of Ven-kong-Mourning colour-Funeral of Ta-yang-ze,
the Emperor's eldest brother
174
Christianity when introduced into China-Ancient monument, bearing
date 781-Inscription-Nestorians-Bishops or Patriarchs-Progress
of Christianity-Emissaries from the Pope sent in 1246-Build a
church-Monte Corvino translates a portion of the Scriptures into the
Mongolian tongue-1565, many Jesuits in China-Ricci converts the
Mandarin Seu and his daughter-Build churches at Nan-kin and
Foo-chow-foo-Ricci received at the Court of Pekin-1611, Ricci dies
at Pekin—His character-Edict promulgated in 1627-Death of Seu
-1645, Schaal commanded by the Emperor to correct the Calendar—
Schaal appointed tutor to the young Emperor, Kang-he-Assassinated
in 1669-Verbeist taken into favour by Kang-he-Honors paid to him
-1669, French Jesuits arrive in China-Epistle from Louis the Four-
teenth to the Emperor Kang-he-1692, Edict of Toleration-Romish
Church built at Pekin-Worship performed there in 1702 -De
Tournon sent as Legate to China by Pope Clement in 1704-Religious
differences among the various fraternities of Roman Catholics-1710,
De Tournon made a Cardinal-His death-1715, Mezzabarba sent as
Legate by the Pope-Missionary conduct in China-Ripa's account-
1721, the Emperor's resolve-1724, Edict of the Emperor Yung-ching
-1732, Father Kagler appointed President of the Astronomical board
-1736, Persecution commenced under Keen-lung-1747, Bishop
Sanz and others put to death-1784, Priests seized at Huk-wang—
1811, Chinese priest apprehended-Missionaries put to death-None
allowed at the Court of Pekin-1820, Sir A. Ljungstedt's account of the
number of Roman Catholics-Account given by L'Annales de la Foi
-Bishoprics and Apostolic vicariates-Missionaries of the present day
-Colonial chaplain-Bishop of Hong-Kong-Members of missionary
societies in China-Edict issued in March 1846, granting privileges to
the Roman Catholics - Secret societies of China-Local ordinance-
Chinese document found at Macao-Their origin and progress up to
this period-Our compredore-The tendency of the conduct of pro-
fessing Christians, upon the Chinese, religiously and morally 186
CHAPTER XI.
Our Commercial intercourse with China from 1596 up to the present
period-Bond given by our Merchants to cease trading in or intro-
ducing Opium into the Celestial Empire-The pledge violated
Official reasons for commencing the War with China-Imperial Edicts
The Treaty of Nankin
236