william, an Irish Peer. The principal churches of Cambridge are Great St Mary's, or University Church, All Saints, in which is a monument by Chantrey to the memory of H. Kirke White, Great St Andrews, containing a cenotaph for Captain Cook, St Benedict's, St Michael's, and St Sepulchre's round chapel, an interesting relic of antiquity, lately restored by the Camden Society. There are also several other churches and chapels, besides many charitable institutions, a free grammar-school, a county prison, built on Howard's plan; Addenbrooke's Hospital, founded by a physician of that name, but considerably increased by a bequest of Mr. Bowtell, a book binder of the town; the Town-Hall, and the conduit behind it, given by Hobson the carrier, celebrated by Milton in two whimsical epitaphs. Bishop Jeremy Taylor, and Cumberland the dramatist, were natives of Cambridge. Two M.P. are returned by the town, and two by the university. Cambridge usually affords the title of Duke to a branch of the Royal family. Pop. 1851, 27,815. Stourbridge Fair, annually held at Cambridge in September, is one of the most ancient, and was formerly one of the largest, in England. CLVI. LONDON TO HARROWGATE, RIPON, AND THIRSK (THROUGH LEEDS) BY RAILWAY, 244 Miles. From the Church Fenton Station, on the York and North Midland Railway, there is also a branch railway to Harrowgate, by which route the total distance from London to Harrowgate is 225 miles, that is, two miles longer than the above (see p. 438.) CLVII. LONDON TO YORK THROUGH LEICESTER AND DERBY, 438 LONDON TO YORK, THROUGH LEICESTER AND DERBY-Continued. YORK is a very ancient city, and is said to have been founded 983 years B.C. Little is known of its history till A.D. 150, when it was one of the greatest Roman stations in the province, having an imperial palace, a tribunal, and a regular government within its walls. The Emperor Severus lived in the palace three years, and died there. He was succeeded by his sons Caracalla and Geta, the former of whom murdered the latter in York, and returned to Rome. About a century after, Carausius landed in Britain, and was proclaimed emperor at York. Constantine the Great was born in this city in 272, and his father Constantius died there in 307. York has had a conspicuous share in all the national troubles, especially in the civil wars of the Roses and temp. Charles I. The walls, gates, and posterns, are to a considerable extent still perfect. The portions of walls which remain are surmounted by a delightful promenade commanding a beautiful prospect of the surrounding country. The ca *See Cavendish's Narrative, app. to Galt's Life of Wolsey, 3d ed. p. 222. |