sick as he was, and died within two days. His brother, Robert Tyrwhite, was also, for the same cause, cast into prison, and there died.

II. Mr. John Cooper, a hopeful young man, of a good family, brought up under Dr. Nicholas Harpsfield, designing to leave England for the sake of his religion and to follow his studies abroad, and having, for that purpose, gathered together what money he could, was stopped at the seaside upon a discovery of his design, and sent back to London, where he was plundered of all he had, and committed close prisoner to Becheam Tower: here, partly through hunger and cold, and partly through the nastiness and stench of the place, he contracted a disease, by which he appeared something disturbed in the head and delirious. This being told to the lieutenant of the tower, he ordered his bed to be taken away, which some friends had sent him in, that he might lie for the future upon the bare floor; which addition to his former sufferings brought him quickly to his end and for a token that he perished through their barbarous usage, when they pulled off his slippers, in order to bury him, his flesh stuck to them, and came off by pieces from the bones.

III. Mr. Dimock, champion of England, and son-in-law to the Earl of Lincoln, having been a paralytic for some years, so that he could neither go out of doors, nor move himself one step, without help, was accused to the bishop of the diocese, of being a Roman catholic: upon this, he is cited to make his appearance before his lordship, and excuses himself by reason of his palsy. The bishop, therefore, comes to his house, sees his condition, but is nothing moved with it, orders him to be carried to prison, where, in a short time, he dies. But neither would they let him die quietly, but sent in their ministers to perplex him, and force their prayers upon him, though, to the last gasp, he refused their assistance, and died in the faith of his renowned ancestors.

IV. Mr. Christopher Watson, and about twenty other catholics, of both sexes, imprisoned in like manner for their religion, perished also about this time in York Castle.

V. Mark Typer, a young gentleman, who had been some time student in Douay college, was condemned by Mr. Fleetwood, the recorder of London, to be whipped through the city, and to have his ears bored through with a red hot iron: which sentence was accordingly executed upon him for his religion. We pass over many other instances of extraordinary severity against the catholics, which were but the preludes of more cruel treatment, which we shall meet with by and by.

EDMUND CAMPION, PRIEST.-S. J.*

EDMUND CAMPION was born in London, where he had his first education in Christ Church Hospital. From whence he was sent to Ox

His life has been published by Bombinus, and several others. What we here give, is an extract out of the old English author, from whom we had our account of Mr. Hanse, &c., whom we prefer to all the rest, as being more ancient, and personally acquainted with Mr. Campion, and an eye-witness to his death. His account was published in 1582.

ford, where he was brought up in St. John's college, being very much beloved for his excellent qualifications, by Sir Thomas White, of worthy memory, the founder of that house, at whose burial he made an excellent oration in Latin, having made the like before in English, at the funeral of my lady Dudley, late wife of the Earl of Leicester; where, after he had passed with great applause through all such exercises, degrees, and offices as the university yieldeth to men of his condition, by the importunate persuasions of some of his friends, that were desirous of his worldly honour and advancement, he suffered himself to be made deacon after their new fashion.

But for all that, our Lord mercifully withheld him from that ambitious course, which is the gulf in which many great wits have perished in these days. Therefore, having spent some more time in study, and travelled into Ireland (the history of which country he wrote truly and eloquently) hearing that there was a seminary not long before begun in Douay, he went over thither, "where, under the conduct of Dr. Allen, first president of the college, he applied himself with great diligence, as well to the study of divinity, as to the acquiring the knowledge of God and himself, the true science of the saints: And" after many exercises, done both in the house and in the public schools, he proceeded bachelor of divinity, to his great commendation, and the honour of our nation.

• Nevertheless, all this while (especially being now more advanced in devotion, zeal, learning, and judgment than before) the continual thought of that schismatical deaconship which he had taken, did so sorely oppress his mind, and the conceit of the greatness of that sin so burthened his conscience, that no counsel of learned friends could give him satisfaction, till he entered into religion to wipe away the same by penance and holy profession. So, making his choice of the society of Jesus, "which has ever since regarded him as one of her brighest lights, he went to Rome, where he was admitted by the general of the order, anno, 1573," and after one month's stay in that city, was sent to Bohemia, where he abode "about seven years" and was made priest at Prague, continually during this time" teaching, preaching, catechising, writing, and labouring for the church of God; whereby he became so famous, that not only other principal states, but the imperial majesty was contented often to hear him preach; till, at length, at the suit o. such as knew his great talent in dealing with heretics for their conversion, his general called him thence to be bestowed upon his own country.

In his return towards England, he called at Rhemes, where the college was now translated, having father Robert Parsons in his company; where, beside other communication, appertaining to the reduction of our country to the catholic faith, he demanded of Dr. Allen, whether he thought that any service he could do in England (the times being as they were) were likely to be worth all these long labours and hazards past and to come, or might countervail the wants that those should seem to have by his absence from whence he came. To which Dr. Allen answered,-Father, said he, first, whatever you did there, may be done by others, one or more of your order. Secondly, you owe

more duty to England than to Bohemia, and to London than to Prague. Though I am glad you have made some recompense to that country for the old wound it received from us," "in Wickliff's time, from whom the Hussities of Bohemia learnt their heresies." Thirdly, the recovery of one soul from heresy is worth all your pains, as I hope you will gain many because the harvest is both more plentiful and more ripe with us than in those parts. Finally, the reward may be greater; for you may be martyred for it at home, which you cannot easily obtain there. So he was satisfied. And of this communication I have heard

him often speak.

At last he happily landed at Dover, the day after Midsummer, anno, 1580, being, by God's great goodness, delivered out of the searchers' and officers' hands, who detained him with them, upon suspicion, for some hours, upon deliberation to have sent him to the council. Coming therefore to London, he preached there his first sermon upon St. Peter and St. Paul's day, at which I myself was present, where he had a full audience, and that of persons of distinction. But afterwards, both there and in sundry other parts of the realm, far greater, through the fame and experience of his manifold virtues, and great eloquence and learning, many protestants of good nature being, at sundry times, to hear him; who, ever afterwards, contemned their vulgar pulpit-men, in comparison of him.

'He preached once a day, at the least, often twice, and sometimes thrice; whereby, through God's goodness, he converted several in most counties of the realm, of the best sort, besides young gentlemen students, and others of all conditions.' "And by the experience he had of the good that came of preaching, he particularly recommended to Everardus Mercurianus, the general of his order, in a letter written from England, that such of the society as should be sent upon the English mission, should be able preachers. In which letter he also acknowledged the good offices done him and the society, by the missioners of the secular clergy, who had cultivated this vineyard for many years before his coming.'

At his first entrance into the kingdom, he made his proffer of disputation; for such causes as he alledged in the same; and more at large afterwards, in his eloquent and learned book to both the universities, whereby the protestant preachers and prelates found themselves so deeply wounded in their doctrine and credit, notwithstanding they had patched up a few pamphlets against him, that they instigated her majesty's council to alter the question from controversy in religion, to the cause of the queen, and matter of state, that so they might maintain, by force and authority, what they could not do by their learning and divinity.

Thereupon it was given out, by divers speeches and proclamations, that great confederacies were made by the pope and foreign princes, for the invasion of the land; and that the jesuits and seminary priests, were sent in, forsooth, to prepare their ways, and such like trumpery, to beguile and incense the simple against them. Then all exquisite diligence was used for the apprehension of others, but more particularly of father Campion, whom they called the Pope's Champion.

At length, after he had laboured in God's harvest near thirteen months, being betrayed by one George Eliot, after long search, and much ado, by God's permission, he fell into the persecutor's hands the 17th of July, 1581, being found in a secret closet, in a catholic gentleman and confessor's house, called Mr. Yates, of Lyford, two godly priests, Mr. Ford and Mr. Collington, being with him, all lying, when the enemy discovered them, upon a bed, their faces and hands lifted up to heaven. He offered his two companions in the search, that if they thought all that ado was for him, and that his yielding himself up might acquit them, he would give himself up; but they would not suffer this in any-wise: but hearing one another's confession, expected God's good will together, every one having penance enjoined to say three times, thy will be done, O Lord! and St. John Baptist pray for me. Which blessed saint they particularly invoked, for that father Campion was delivered, as he took it, out of the searcher's hands at Dover, by the intercession of that holy prophet, his special patron.

Father Campion being now in the power of the traitor Eliot, and the officers, and made a show and matter of mockery to the unwise multitude, and the ungodly of all sorts, showed such remarkable modesty, mildness, patience, and Christian humility, in all his speeches and actions, that the good were exceedingly edified, and the enemies much astonished. After he had been two days in the custody of the sheriff of Berkshire, he was carried with the rest, as well priests as gentlemen and others, apprehended in that place, towards London.At Abington, among others, divers scholars of Oxford came to see the man so famous, of which being told by one Mr. Lydcot, he said, he was very glad; himself being once of that university, and asked, whether they would hear a sermon; there, at dinner, Eliot said to him, Mr. Campion, you look cheerfully upon every body but me: I know you are angry with me in your heart for this work: God forgive thee, Eliot, said he, for so judging of me: I forgive thee, and in token thereof, I drink to thee; yea, and if thou wilt repent and come to confession, I will absolve thee; but large penance thou must have.

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In his way to London, besides the tying of his legs under his horse, and binding his arms behind him, which was done to the others also, the council appointed a paper to be set upon his hat with great capital letters, CAMPION THE SEDITIOUS JESUIT; and gave orders that they should stay at Colebrook a good part of Friday, and all the night, that thence they might bring him and his companions upon Saturday, in triumph through the city, and the whole length thereof, especially through such places, where, by reason of the markets of that day, the greatest concourse of the common people was; whom in such matters their policy seeks most to please; which was executed accordingly, all London, almost, beholding the spectacle; the mob gazing and with delight beholding the novelty: but the wiser sort lamenting to see our country fallen to such barbarous iniquity, as to abuse in this manner, a religious man, so honourable in all nations for his learning, and of so innocent a life: so that day, which was the 22d of July, he was delivered up to the lieutenant of the Tower.

Here, besides the ordinary miseries incident to that kind of imprison

ment, doubled by the inhuman dealing and deep hatred to catholics, of the chief officer of the place, after sundry examinations, terrors, and threats, by the lord chancellor, and others of the council and commission, he was divers times racked, to force out of him, by intolerable torments, whose houses he had frequented, by whom he was relieved, whom he had reconciled, when, which way, for what purpose, and by what commission, he came into the realm; how, where, and by whom he printed and dispersed his books, and such like.

At his first racking, they went no further with him: but afterwards, when they saw he could not be won to condescend somewhat at least in religion, which was the thing they most desired, they thought good to forge matter of treason against him, and framed their demands accordingly; about which he was so cruelly torn and rent upon the torture, the two last times, that he told a friend of his that found means to speak with him, that he thought they meant to make him away in that manner. Before he went to the rack, he used to fall down at the rack-house door, upon both knees, to commend himself to God's mercy; and upon the rack he called continually upon God, repeating often the holy name of Jesus. He most charitably forgave his tormentors, and the causers thereof. His keeper asking him the next day, how he felt his hands and feet? he answered, not ill, because not at all.

The enemies, not contented with this, and many other accustomed ways of torture, secretly, as it is said, used towards him to afflict his body, added a thousand devices and slanderous reports to wrong him in his fame, opening all the mouths of the ministers to bark against him; sometimes publishing that there was great hope he would become a protestant; sometimes that he had been at church and service: another while, that he had uttered upon the rack all that ever he knew; yea, sometimes, that he had therefore killed himself in prison; which, no doubt they would have further avouched, if he had died by racking, as it was very like he should have done.

The lieutenant of the tower, at the beginning, hoping that he might be gained to their side in some points, either by sweet words, great promises of promotions, or extreme torments, extolled the man exceedingly, affirming divers times, that he was such a man as England never brought forth before and surely, said he, it is God's singular goodness that he returned home; no doubt her majesty will prefer him to great livings. And that he might want no good pretence to yield to their desires, they often brought to him such divines as they had, to confer with him, and to persuade him privately to relent somewhat to their sect; but not prevailing that way, they caused, under colour of satisfying his former challenge of disputation, divers public disputes, or rather certain light skirmishes, to bark at him and bait him. Four or five of the contrary side, all provided as well as they could, were set out against one destitute of all proper helps, "and brought almost to the brink of death by the rack," now one snatching, now another; and sometimes all biting together. The masters of the game, in the mean time, when they saw father Campion, in answering and defending himself (for he was never suffered to oppose) to gripe the adversaries hard, parted them with their tipstaves, commanding him to silence, and threatening him

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